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- Concordat_of_Worms abstract "Concordat of Worms, sometimes called the Pactum Calixtinum by papal historians, was an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122 near the city of Worms. It brought to an end the first phase of the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors and has been interpreted as containing within itself the germ of nation-based sovereignty that would one day be confirmed in the Treaty of Westphalia (1648); in part this was an unforeseen result of strategic maneuvering between the Church and the European sovereigns over political control within their domains. The King was recognized as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority ("by the lance") in the territories they governed, but not with sacred authority ("by ring and staff"); the result was that bishops owed allegiance in worldly matters both to the pope and to the king, for they were obligated to affirm the right of the sovereign to call upon them for military support, under his oath of fealty. Previous Holy Roman Emperors had thought it their right, granted by God, to name Church officials within their territories (such as bishops) and to confirm the Papal election (and, at times of extraordinary urgency, actually name popes). In fact, the Emperors had been heavily relying on bishops for their secular administration, as they were not hereditary or quasi-hereditary nobility with family interests, thus adding further suspense to the struggle. A more immediate result of the Investiture struggle identified a proprietary right that adhered to sovereign territory, recognizing the right of kings to income from the territory of a vacant diocese and a basis for justifiable taxation. These rights lay outside feudalism, which defined authority in a hierarchy of personal relations, with only a loose relation to territory. The pope emerged as a figure above and out of the direct control of the Holy Roman Emperor.Following efforts by Lamberto Scannabecchi (later Pope Honorius II) and the Diet of Würzburg (1121) in 1122, Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V entered into an agreement that effectively ended the Investiture Controversy. By the terms of the agreement, the election of bishops and abbots in Germany was to take place in the emperor's presence as judge between potentially disputing parties, free of bribes, thus retaining to the emperor a crucial role in choosing these great territorial magnates of the Empire. Beyond the borders of Germany, in Burgundy and Italy, the Emperor was to forward the symbols of authority within six months. Calixtus' reference to the feudal homage due the emperor on appointment is guarded: "shall do unto thee for these what he rightfully should" was the wording of the privilegium granted by Calixtus. The Emperor's right to a substantial imbursement on the election of a bishop or abbot was specifically denied.The Emperor renounced the right to invest ecclesiastics with ring and crosier, the symbols of their spiritual power, and guaranteed election by the canons of cathedral or abbey and free consecration. The two ended by granting one another peace.The Concordat was confirmed by the First Council of the Lateran in 1123.The Concordat of Worms was a part of the larger reforms put forth by many popes, most notably Pope Gregory VII. These included celibacy of the clergy, end of simony and autonomy of the Church from secular leaders (lack of autonomy was known as lay investiture).".
- Concordat_of_Worms thumbnail Kaiser_Heinrich_V._besucht_seinen_Vater_im_Gefängnis.jpg?width=300.
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- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageRevisionID "677070443".
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Anselm_of_Canterbury.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Antipope_Clement_III.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Antipope_Gregory_VIII.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Avignon_Papacy.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Bec_Abbey.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Benefice.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Benefices.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Caesaropapism.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Cambridge_University.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Castel_San_Angelo.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Castel_SantAngelo.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:1122_in_Europe.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:1122_in_Germany.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:1122_in_international_relations.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:12th-century_Christianity.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:12th-century_diplomatic_conferences.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:12th-century_treaties.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:Investiture_Controversy.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:Treaties_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:Treaties_of_the_Holy_See_(754–1870).
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Category:Worms,_Germany.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Catharism.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Cathars.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Cencius.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Cestui_que.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Charter_of_Liberties.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Clerical_celibacy.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Crosier.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Crozier.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Dictatus_papae.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Diet_of_Würzburg.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Divine_right_of_kings.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Ecclesiastical_Courts.
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- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Feudalism.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink First_Council_of_the_Lateran.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_I_(Barbarossa).
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Great_Charter.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Gregorian_Reform.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Heidelberg_University.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Henry_II_of_England.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Henry_I_of_England.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Henry_VIII_of_England.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Henry_VII_of_England.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Hohenstaufen.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Holy_Roman_Emperor.
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- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Burgundy.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire).
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Italy_(medieval).
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Lay_investiture.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Le_Bec-Hellouin.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Libertas_ecclesiae.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Life_tenure.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink List_of_medieval_universities.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Lothair_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Lothar_III.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Magna_Carta.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Malcolm_III.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Malcolm_III_of_Scotland.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Martin_Luther.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Moral_authority.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink No-win_situation.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Nominalism.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Norman_Conquest.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Norman_conquest_of_England.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Ottonian_Dynasty.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Ottonian_dynasty.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Oxford_University.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Papacy.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Peace_of_Westphalia.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Benedict_IX.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Calixtus_II.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Callixtus_II.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Gregory_VII.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Honorius_II.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Innocent_III.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Nicholas_II.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Paschal_II.
- Concordat_of_Worms wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Silvester_II.