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- Composition_roller abstract "A composition roller is a tool used in letterpress printing to apply ink to a bed of type in a printing press. It consists of a cylinder made of a substance known as "roller composition" or simply "composition", a mixture of glue and sugar (in the form of molasses or treacle), with various additives such as glycerin depending on the particular recipe. Early recipes also included gypsum plaster and tar, though these were eventually found unnecessary.Before its invention, most inking of printing presses was done by manually pounding the type with ink balls, specially treated leather balls stuffed with wool. The difficulty and time involved in making and using ink balls led to various attempts to use cylinders, which could be rolled rather than pounded. Leather rollers (or "skin rollers") were attempted, and were used on the earliest steam-powered cylinder presses, yet these did not work as well as the ink balls, and the stitching seam would appear on the printed type.Eventually, a substance was found with the right adhesion and elasticity to make suitable cylindrical rollers. Composition for use in inking was developed in England in the 1810s by Robert Harrild and another individual named Forster; they first used it for making ink balls, though they soon turned to making rollers. Bryan Donkin was the first to apply the composition roller to machine press. By 1826, they had begun to be introduced to the United States.To make a roller, the ingredients are melted together in a double-boiler kettle. The process is timed in a way so as to avoid candying the molasses. The mixture is cast into molds around a wooden or metal "stock" or core, which after cooling and seasoning is then hooked onto the handle or printing press.The performance of composition rollers was notoriously subject to their environmental conditions. Composition rollers tend to quickly dry out, shrink, and harden, and as a result are typically stored in sealed cabinets called "roller closets", often with a thin layer ink left on the roller as a form of protection. Glycerin, which has an affinity for moisture, was eventually added to the recipe, yet that in turn could cause trouble in warm humid weather where too much moisture would be absorbed. The mixture itself varied depending on the time of year in which they were made, with winter rollers sometimes melting in summer, and rollers made in the summer becoming brittle in winter. However, composition rollers that hardened or otherwise were unusable could be melted down and recast.By the turn of the 20th century, composition rollers were mass-manufactured by various companies, using machines that could cast several rollers at once, using a mixture containing more glycerin than molasses.".
- Composition_roller thumbnail 1906_ATF_composition_hand_roller.jpg?width=300.
- Composition_roller wikiPageID "38452688".
- Composition_roller wikiPageLength "5731".
- Composition_roller wikiPageOutDegree "21".
- Composition_roller wikiPageRevisionID "644534038".
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Adhesion.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Animal_glue.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Brayer.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Bryan_Donkin.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Candy.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Category:Letterpress_printing.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Cylinder_press.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Elasticity_(physics).
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Glycerin.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Glycerol.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Gypsum_plaster.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Ink.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Ink_ball.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Letterpress_printing.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Molasses.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Plaster.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Printing_press.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Robert_Harrild.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Seam_(sewing).
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Tar.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink Treacle.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink File:1906_ATF_composition_hand_roller.jpg.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLink File:Typograph_composition_kettle_-_section.png.
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLinkText "Composition roller".
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLinkText "composition roller".
- Composition_roller wikiPageWikiLinkText "composition".
- Composition_roller hasPhotoCollection Composition_roller.
- Composition_roller wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Letterpress.
- Composition_roller wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Composition_roller subject Category:Letterpress_printing.
- Composition_roller hypernym Tool.
- Composition_roller type Software.
- Composition_roller comment "A composition roller is a tool used in letterpress printing to apply ink to a bed of type in a printing press. It consists of a cylinder made of a substance known as "roller composition" or simply "composition", a mixture of glue and sugar (in the form of molasses or treacle), with various additives such as glycerin depending on the particular recipe.".
- Composition_roller label "Composition roller".
- Composition_roller sameAs m.0qsc55s.
- Composition_roller sameAs Q5156800.
- Composition_roller sameAs Q5156800.
- Composition_roller wasDerivedFrom Composition_roller?oldid=644534038.
- Composition_roller depiction 1906_ATF_composition_hand_roller.jpg.
- Composition_roller isPrimaryTopicOf Composition_roller.