Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Brass_Ankles> ?p ?o }
- Brass_Ankles abstract "The Brass Ankles of South Carolina were a "tri-racial isolate" group, as defined by anthropologists, that developed in colonial South Carolina and lived successively in the areas of Charleston, Berkeley, Colleton) and Orangeburg counties as they increasingly migrated away from the Low Country and into the Piedmont and frontier areas, where racial discrimination was less. They were identified by this term in the later 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. They had a combination of European, African, and Native American ancestry. Although the individuals were of mixed ancestry, after Reconstruction, white Democrats regained power in the South and imposed racial segregation and white supremacy under Jim Crow laws. (Note: United States Census surveys included a category of "mulatto" until 1930, when the powerful Southern bloc in Congress pushed through requirements to have people classified only as black or white. By this time, most Southern states had passed laws under which persons of any known black ancestry were required to be classified in state records as black, what is known as the "one-drop rule". of required classification as one race. It forced people into the categories of white and black; this discounted and denied people's own identification as Native American or mixed race. Less frequently they were classified as Croatan, a designation in North Carolina of a tri-racial group. The surnames represented among the Brass Ankles have included Jackson, Chavis, Bunch, Driggers, Sweat, Williams, Russell, and Goins, some of which have been represented in other mixed-race groups, such as the Melungeons in Tennessee. Over time, people of mixed race identified with and married more frequently into one or another group, becoming part of the white, black or the Beaver Creek Indians community, for instance. Numerous people of mixed race have lived in a section of Orangeburg County near Holly Hill, called Crane Pond. The term "brass ankles" generally has been considered derogatory, as it was applied to those of mixed ancestry who were accused of trying to "pass" as white, although they often had a majority of white ancestry. The Crane Pond community has maintained its cultural continuity. Reflecting their ethnic diverse ancestry, there are many local stories about the origins of these people.Some people formerly classified as "Brass Ankles" have been identified among ancestors of members of the five Native American tribes officially recognized by the state of South Carolina in 2005, such as the Wassamassaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians. Because such tribes often had multiracial ancestry including African, and their neighbors did not understand much about Indian culture, they were often arbitrarily classified as mulatto by census enumerators. After 1930, when the census dropped the Mulatto classification, such multiracial people were often classified as black, a designation used for anyone "of color".Contrary to some assertions, each US census through the nineteenth century had the category of Indian available for use by census takers. But, especially in the late 19th century, this category was generally applied only to those people living on Indian reservations or at least showing culturally that they fit what the census takers assumed was the "Indian" culture. Persons who were outwardly assimilated to the majority culture were generally classified as white, black or mulatto. Dubose Heyward, author of the notable Porgy and Bess, with music by George Gershwin, wrote a play about the "Brass Ankles," set in the aftermath of the Civil War. Some Brass Ankles in the community of Summerville, South Carolina identified as "Summerville Indians." During the early part of the twentieth century, when public schools were segregated, the Summerville Indians and other Brass Ankle groups gained approval for some local, separate schools for their own children. Having come from families free long before the American Civil War, they did not want to send their children to school with those of freedmen. The Eureka "Ricka" school in Charleston County was an example.".
- Brass_Ankles language English_language.
- Brass_Ankles populationPlace Orangeburg_County,_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles populationPlace United_States.
- Brass_Ankles related African_American.
- Brass_Ankles related Beaver_Creek_Indians.
- Brass_Ankles related Lumbee.
- Brass_Ankles related Melungeon.
- Brass_Ankles related White_people.
- Brass_Ankles religion Baptists.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageExternalLink blackdutchfpc.bravejournal.com.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageExternalLink Adventures-in-the-Gene-Pool.html.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageID "21827829".
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageLength "6038".
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageOutDegree "55".
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageRevisionID "655227677".
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink African_American.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Baptist.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Baptists.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Beaver_Creek_Indians.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Berkeley_County,_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Bunch_(surname).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Category:African-American_history.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Category:African–Native_American_relations.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Category:Multiracial_affairs_in_the_United_States.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Category:Native_American_history_of_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Charleston_County,_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Chavis.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Colleton_County,_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Croatan.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Democratic_Party_(United_States).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Driggers.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink DuBose_Heyward.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Dubose_Heyward.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink English_language.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Freedman.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Freedmen.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Goins_(surname).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Holly_Hill,_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Indian_reservation.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Jackson_(name).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Jim_Crow.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Jim_Crow_laws.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Lumbee.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Lumbee_Indians.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Melungeon.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Melungeons.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Mixed-race.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Mulatto.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Multiracial.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink One-drop_rule.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Orangeburg_County.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Orangeburg_County,_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Passing_(racial_identity).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Piedmont_(United_States).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Porgy_and_Bess.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Racial_segregation.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Reconstruction_Era.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Russell_(surname).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink South_Carolina_Lowcountry.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Southern_United_States.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Summerville,_South_Carolina.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Tennessee.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Tri-racial_isolate.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink US_census.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Census.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Wassamasaw_Tribe_of_Varnertown_Indians.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Wassamassaw.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink White_people.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink White_supremacy.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Whites.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLink Williams_(surname).
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLinkText "Brass Ankle".
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLinkText "Brass Ankles".
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageWikiLinkText "brass ankles".
- Brass_Ankles group "Brass Ankles".
- Brass_Ankles hasPhotoCollection Brass_Ankles.
- Brass_Ankles langs English_language.
- Brass_Ankles popplace "Orangeburg County and surrounding counties, eastern United States".
- Brass_Ankles poptime "Unknown".
- Brass_Ankles related African_American.
- Brass_Ankles related Beaver_Creek_Indians.
- Brass_Ankles related Lumbee.
- Brass_Ankles related Lumbee_Indians.
- Brass_Ankles related Melungeon.
- Brass_Ankles related White_people.
- Brass_Ankles related Whites.
- Brass_Ankles rels "Predominantly Baptist".
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commons_category.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_Ethnic_group.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Multiethnicity.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Brass_Ankles wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Sources.
- Brass_Ankles subject Category:African-American_history.
- Brass_Ankles subject Category:African–Native_American_relations.
- Brass_Ankles subject Category:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Carolina.