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- Black_yeast abstract "“Black yeasts”, sometimes also black fungi, dematiaceous fungi, microcolonial fungi or meristematic fungi is a diverse group of slow-growing microfungi which reproduce mostly asexually (fungi imperfecti). Only few genera reproduce by budding cells, while in others hyphal or meristematic (isodiametric) reproduction is preponderant. Black yeasts share some distinctive characteristics, in particular melanisation of their cell wall. Morphological plasticity, incrustation of the cell wall with melanins and presence of other protective substances like carotenoids and mycosporines represent passive physiological adaptations which enable black fungi to be highly resistant against environmental stresses. The term "polyextremotolerance" has been introduced to describe this phenotype, a good example of which is the species Aureobasidium pullulans. Presence of 1,8-dihydroxynaphtalene melanin in the cell wall confers to the microfungi their characteristic olivaceous to dark brown/black colour.The consortium comprises two phylogenetically very different fungal groups. Many are found in the orders Capnodiales, Dothideales, and Pleosporales (class Dothideomycetes). These black fungi mostly have an extremotolerant life style. Many representatives of this group can colonize bare rocks e.g. in the Mediterranean basin or in hot and cold dry deserts and are therefore referred to as rock-inhabiting fungi, or occur in salterns. These black yeasts are believed to be the most resistant eukaryotic organisms known to-date. They were firstly described in the early 80s by three almost concomitant seminal research articles. Members of Chaetothyriales (class Eurotiomycetes) are found in hydrocarbon-rich environments or in nutrient poor, moist indoor environments, and may occur as opportunistic pathogens of vertebrate hosts, such as Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis. Several species are associated with lichens as well as other phototrophs and sometimes with ants in specific ant-fungi associations.In recent years, black fungi such as E. dermatitidis or Hortaea werneckii have attracted increasingly attention as model microorganisms in studies on astrobiology, bioremediation of polluted ecosystems by biofiltration, effect of ionizing radiations in contaminated area, biodeterioration of materials, and mechanisms of adaptation to high salt concentrations. A collaborative effort coordinated by the Broad Institute is currently ongoing to sequence the genomes of several black fungi to shed light into their ecology, phylogeny and pathogenicity.In 2011, a research paper about occurrence of potentially pathogenic black fungi in household dishwashers was partially misreported by the media and went viral.Black yeasts are not related to the edible cloud ear fungus Auricularia polytricha.".
- Black_yeast wikiPageExternalLink www.blackyeast.org.
- Black_yeast wikiPageExternalLink MultiHome.html.
- Black_yeast wikiPageID "37828533".
- Black_yeast wikiPageLength "14556".
- Black_yeast wikiPageOutDegree "36".
- Black_yeast wikiPageRevisionID "646517162".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Ant-fungus_mutualism.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Ant–fungus_mutualism.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Asexual_reproduction.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Astrobiology.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Aureobasidium_pullulans.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Biofilter.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Biofiltration.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Bioremediation.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Broad_Institute.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Budding.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Capnodiales.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Carotenoid.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ascomycota.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Cell_wall.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Chaetothyriales.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Cloud_ear_fungus.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Dothideales.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Dothideomycetes.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Eurotiomycetes.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Exophiala_dermatitidis.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Fungi_imperfecti.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Halotolerance.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Hortaea_werneckii.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Hypha.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Ionizing_radiation.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Lichen.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Lichens.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Melanin.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Microfungi.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Morphology_(biology).
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Mycosporine-like_amino_acid.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Opportunistic_infection.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Phototroph.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Phototrophs.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Phylogenetics.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Pleosporales.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Polyextremotolerance.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Viral_marketing.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLink Whole_genome_sequencing.
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText ""black yeasts"".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText "Black Yeasts".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText "Black yeast".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText "black yeast".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText "black, yeast-like fungi".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText "black, yeast-like fungus".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText "dematiaceous fungus".
- Black_yeast wikiPageWikiLinkText "rock-inhabiting fungi".
- Black_yeast hasPhotoCollection Black_yeast.
- Black_yeast wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Black_yeast wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Black_yeast subject Category:Ascomycota.
- Black_yeast hypernym Group.
- Black_yeast type Article.
- Black_yeast type Band.
- Black_yeast type Article.
- Black_yeast comment "“Black yeasts”, sometimes also black fungi, dematiaceous fungi, microcolonial fungi or meristematic fungi is a diverse group of slow-growing microfungi which reproduce mostly asexually (fungi imperfecti). Only few genera reproduce by budding cells, while in others hyphal or meristematic (isodiametric) reproduction is preponderant. Black yeasts share some distinctive characteristics, in particular melanisation of their cell wall.".
- Black_yeast label "Black yeast".
- Black_yeast sameAs Llevat_negre.
- Black_yeast sameAs Fungos_dematiáceos.
- Black_yeast sameAs m.0n_jb_1.
- Black_yeast sameAs Q1442667.
- Black_yeast sameAs Q1442667.
- Black_yeast wasDerivedFrom Black_yeast?oldid=646517162.
- Black_yeast isPrimaryTopicOf Black_yeast.