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- Aromaticity abstract "In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some flat rings of atoms. These structures contain a number of double bonds that interact with each other according to certain rules. As a result of their being so stable, such rings tend to form easily, and once formed, tend to be difficult to break in chemical reactions. Since one of the most commonly encountered aromatic system of compounds in organic chemistry is based on derivatives of the prototypical aromatic compound benzene (common in petroleum), the word “aromatic” is occasionally used to refer informally to benzene derivatives, and this is how it was first defined. Nevertheless, many non-benzene aromatic compounds exist. In living organisms, for example, the most common aromatic rings are the double-ringed bases in RNA and DNA.The earliest use of the term “aromatic” was in an article by August Wilhelm Hofmann in 1855. Hofmann used the term for a class of benzene compounds, many of which do have odors (unlike pure saturated hydrocarbons). Today, there is no general relationship between aromaticity as a chemical property and the olfactory properties of such compounds, although in 1855, before the structure of benzene or organic compounds was understood, chemists like Hofmann were beginning to understand that odiferous molecules from plants, such as terpenes, had chemical properties we recognize today are similar to unsaturated petroleum hydrocarbons like benzene.In terms of the electronic nature of the molecule, aromaticity describes the way a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs of electrons, or empty molecular orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. Aromaticity can be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms that are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by August Kekulé (see History section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds superimposing to produce six one-and-a-half bonds. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization.".
- Aromaticity thumbnail Benzene_resonance_structures.png?width=300.
- Aromaticity wikiPageID "239836".
- Aromaticity wikiPageLength "25071".
- Aromaticity wikiPageOutDegree "152".
- Aromaticity wikiPageRevisionID "681880985".
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Adenine.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aliphatic_compound.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aniline.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Annulation.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Annulene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Anthracene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Antiaromatic.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Antiaromaticity.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Arenium_ion.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aromatic_amine.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aromatic_hydrocarbon.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aromatic_interaction.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aromatic_ring_current.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aryl.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Aspirin.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Atom.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_orbital.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_orbitals.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink August_Kekulé.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink August_Wilhelm_Hofmann.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Avoided_crossing.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Benzannulated.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Benzene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Benzimidazole.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Bond_length.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Borazine.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Carbo-benzene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Carbo-mer.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Category:Aromatic_compounds.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Category:Physical_organic_chemistry.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_compound.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Chirality_(chemistry).
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Chlorophyll.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Closed_shell.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Computational_chemistry.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Conjugated_system.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Coplanar.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Coplanarity.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Covalent_bond.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclobutadiene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclodecapentaene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclooctatetraene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclopentadienyl.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclophane.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclopropene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclopropenyl.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cyclotetradecaheptaene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Cytosine.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Delocalization.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Delocalized_electron.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Double_bond.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Electrophilic_addition.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Electrophilic_aromatic_substitution.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Empty_orbital.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Erich_Clar.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Erich_Huckel.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Erich_Hückel.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Friedrich_August_Kekulé_von_Stradonitz.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Functional_group.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Furan.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Guanidine.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Guanine.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Handedness.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Heme.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Edward_Armstrong.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Heterocyclic_compound.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Histidine.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Homoaromaticity.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Hunds_rule.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Hunds_rule_of_maximum_multiplicity.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Hxc3xbcckels_rule.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Imidazole.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink J._J._Thomson.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Johann_Benedict_Listing.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Left-handed.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Lone_pair.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Metal_aromaticity.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Moebius-Hueckel_concept.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Molecular_orbital.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Möbius_aromaticity.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Möbius_strip.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Möbius–Hückel_concept.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink NMR.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Naphthalene.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_magnetic_resonance.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Nucleophilic_aromatic_substitution.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Nucleotide.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Nucleus-independent_chemical_shift.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Nylon.
- Aromaticity wikiPageWikiLink Odor.