Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alternatives_to_animal_testing> ?p ?o }
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing abstract "Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals.There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. Two major alternatives to in vivo animal testing are in vitro cell culture techniques and in silico computer simulation. However, some claim they are not true alternatives because simulations use data from prior animal experiments and cell cultures often require animal derived products, such as serum or cells. Others say that they cannot replace animals completely as they are unlikely to ever provide enough information about the complex interactions of living systems.Other alternatives include the use of humans for skin irritancy tests and donated human blood for pyrogenicity studies. Another alternative is so-called microdosing, in which the basic behaviour of drugs is assessed using human volunteers receiving doses well below those expected to produce whole-body effects. While microdosing produces important information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics it does not reveal information about toxicity or toxicology. Furthermore, it was noted by the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments that despite the use of microdosing, "animal studies will still be required".Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing are the Three Rs (3Rs) first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. These principles are now followed in many testing establishments worldwide.Replacement refers to the preferred use of non-animal methods over animal methods whenever it is possible to achieve the same scientific aim.Reduction refers to methods that enable researchers to obtain comparable levels of information from fewer animals, or to obtain more information from the same number of animals.Refinement refers to methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering, or distress, and enhance animal welfare for the animals used.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing thumbnail Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink to-animals-the-latest.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.Go3R.org.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.cadaster.eu.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.interniche.org.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink AWICBulletinV13N3.pdf.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.nc3rs.org.uk.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.norecopa.no.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink research-animals.html.
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- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageRevisionID "683141848".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink 3T3_cells.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Agriculture.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Aligarh.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Aligarh,_Uttar_Pradesh.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Aligarh_Muslim_University.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Animal.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Animal_testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Animal_welfare.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Austria.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink BASF.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Belgium.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Blood_plasma.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink BlueGene_L.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Blue_Gene.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink British_Union_for_the_Abolition_of_Vivisection.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Canadian_Council_on_Animal_Care.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Alternatives_to_animal_testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Animal_rights.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Category:Animal_testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Cell_culture.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Center_for_Alternatives_to_Animal_Testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Chemical.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_substance.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Computer_simulation.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Corrosive_substance.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Cosmetics.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Cosmetics_Directive.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Crash_test_dummy.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Cruelty_Free_International.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Cunninghamella_elegans.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Czech_Republic.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink DB-ALM.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Dr._Hadwen_Trust.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Dr_Hadwen_Trust.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Draize_test.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Epidermis.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Epidermis_(skin).
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Eurogroup_for_Animals.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink European_Commission.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink European_Partnership_for_Alternative_Approaches_to_Animal_Testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink European_Union.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Finland.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Fishery.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Framework_Programmes_for_Research_and_Technological_Development.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink France.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Fund_for_the_Replacement_of_Animals_in_Medical_Experiments.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Human_Genome_Project.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Humane_Society_International.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink In_silico.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink In_vitro.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink In_vitro_to_in_vivo_extrapolation.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink In_vitro_toxicology.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink In_vivo.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Institute_for_Health_and_Consumer_Protection.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Interagency_Coordinating_Committee_on_the_Validation_of_Alternative_Methods.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Irritation.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Italy.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Jawaharlal_Nehru_Medical_College,_Aligarh.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Johns_Hopkins_University.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Joint_Research_Centre.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Keratinocyte.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Laboratory_animal.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Larva.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Linz.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink MIMIC_(immunology).
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Mammal.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Mannequin.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Medical_imaging.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Microdosing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Model_organism.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Monoclonal_antibodies.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Monoclonal_antibody.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Netherlands.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink New_England_Anti-Vivisection_Society.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Organ-on-a-chip.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink PBPK.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Pharmacodynamics.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Pharmacokinetics.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Physiologically_based_pharmacokinetic_modelling.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Prague.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageWikiLink Registration,_Evaluation,_Authorisation_and_Restriction_of_Chemicals.