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- Al-Tughrai abstract "Mu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma‘il al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Tughra'i (Persian: اسماعیل طغرایی اسپهانی)(1061 – c 1121) was an 11th–12th century Persian physician.Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Tughra'i, was born in Isfahan in 1061CE, and was an important alchemist, poet, and administrative secretary (therefore the name Tughra'i'). He ultimately became the second most senior official (after the vizier) in the civil administration of the Seljuki empire.He was, however, executed unjustifiably, according to most historians in the year 1121. He had been appointed Vizir to Emir Ghiyat-ul-Din Mas'ud, and upon the death of the Emir a power struggle ensued between his sons. al-Tughra'i sided with the Emir's elder son, but the younger prevailed. In retribution, the younger son accused al-Tughra'i of heresy and had him beheaded.He was a well-known and prolific writer on astrology and alchemy, and many of his poems (diwan) are preserved today as well. In the field of alchemy, al-Tughra'i is best known for his large compendium titled Mafatih al-rahmah wa-masabih al-hikmah, which incorporated extensive extracts from earlier Arabic alchemical writings, as well as Arabic translations from Zosimos of Panopolis old alchemy treatises written in Greek, which were until 1995 erroneously attributed to unknown alchemists by mistakes and inconsistencies in the transliteration and transcription of his name into Arabic.In 1112CE, he also composed Kitab Haqa'iq al-istishhad, a rebuttal of a refutation of the occult in alchemy written by Ibn Sina.".
- Al-Tughrai birthYear "1061".
- Al-Tughrai deathYear "1121".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageExternalLink ZosimosText.H.S.ElKhadem.pdf.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageID "2042556".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageLength "4025".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageOutDegree "22".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageRevisionID "660431559".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Alchemy.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greek.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Arabic.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Arabic_language.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Astrology.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Avicenna.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Category:1061_births.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Category:1121_deaths.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Category:11th-century_Iranian_people.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Category:12th-century_Iranian_people.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Category:Alchemists_of_medieval_Islam.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Category:Iranian_scientists.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Diwan_(poetry).
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Ibn_Sina.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Isfahan.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Isfahan_(city).
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Iranian_scientists.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Muslim_scientists.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Persian_scientists_and_scholars.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Persian_people.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Physician.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Poet.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Seljuk_Turks.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Seljuq_dynasty.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Vizier.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLink Zosimos_of_Panopolis.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLinkText "Al-Tughrai".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLinkText "Ibn Al-Hassan Ibn Ali Al-Tughra'i'".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLinkText "Tughra'i".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageWikiLinkText "al-Tughrai".
- Al-Tughrai dateOfBirth "1061".
- Al-Tughrai dateOfDeath "1121".
- Al-Tughrai hasPhotoCollection Al-Tughrai.
- Al-Tughrai name "Al-Tughrai".
- Al-Tughrai shortDescription "Physician".
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_journal.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Islamic_alchemy_and_chemistry.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-fa.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Al-Tughrai wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Al-Tughrai description "Physician".
- Al-Tughrai subject Category:1061_births.
- Al-Tughrai subject Category:1121_deaths.
- Al-Tughrai subject Category:11th-century_Iranian_people.
- Al-Tughrai subject Category:12th-century_Iranian_people.
- Al-Tughrai subject Category:Alchemists_of_medieval_Islam.
- Al-Tughrai subject Category:Iranian_scientists.
- Al-Tughrai hypernym Alchemist.
- Al-Tughrai type Agent.
- Al-Tughrai type Article.
- Al-Tughrai type Person.
- Al-Tughrai type Scientist.
- Al-Tughrai type Article.
- Al-Tughrai type Scientist.
- Al-Tughrai type Person.
- Al-Tughrai type Agent.
- Al-Tughrai type NaturalPerson.
- Al-Tughrai type Thing.
- Al-Tughrai type Q215627.
- Al-Tughrai type Q5.
- Al-Tughrai type Person.
- Al-Tughrai comment "Mu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma‘il al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Tughra'i (Persian: اسماعیل طغرایی اسپهانی)(1061 – c 1121) was an 11th–12th century Persian physician.Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Tughra'i, was born in Isfahan in 1061CE, and was an important alchemist, poet, and administrative secretary (therefore the name Tughra'i').".
- Al-Tughrai label "Al-Tughrai".
- Al-Tughrai sameAs الطغرائي.
- Al-Tughrai sameAs Al-Tughrai.
- Al-Tughrai sameAs اسماعیل_طغرایی_اسپهانی.
- Al-Tughrai sameAs Al-Tughrai.
- Al-Tughrai sameAs m.06h2t_.
- Al-Tughrai sameAs Q4164865.
- Al-Tughrai sameAs Q4164865.
- Al-Tughrai wasDerivedFrom Al-Tughrai?oldid=660431559.
- Al-Tughrai isPrimaryTopicOf Al-Tughrai.
- Al-Tughrai name "Al-Tughrai".