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- Étienne_Lombard abstract "Étienne Lombard (1869–1920) was a French otolaryngologist and surgeon who discovered the Lombard effect, in which a person's voice is involuntarily raised when speaking in a loud environment.He was at the Lariboisiere Hospital, the first "oto-rhino-laryngologiste des Hopitaux" in France. He developed new surgical techniques and a new form of bone forceps. During World War I he researched the effects of air blasts upon 600 aviators but was unable to continue this research due to an illness that resulted in his early death.The "symptom of the raised voice" was discovered in 1909. It was made possible by the invention of a device by the Viennese physician Robert Bárány that delivered an intense noise to only one ear and so allowed the monaural examination of the other ear. Using this device Lombard asked a person to start talking in conversation while hearing noise. He found that when the noise began, the person spoke louder, and when the noise stopped, the voice returned to a normal level.pp. 678–680The finding was reported to the French Academy of Sciences in August 1909, and the following year in April to the French Academy of Medicine. However, in 1910 German publications attributed this discovery to Robert Bárány, which led to a dispute in print between them. Priority was established when the English physician, Donald Schearer, described how he carried news of the discovery from Paris to Vienna in November 1909.pp. 677–678 Bárány received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1914, for other work.Lombard's discovery is important for four reasons. It provides a means of detecting malingering by simulated hearing loss It underlies research into speech communication in noise (an important practical problem) It helps researchers understand how imitation and speaking are altered by auditory feedback It identifies a role in speech of processes involving servomechanism.He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.".
- Étienne_Lombard birthDate "1869".
- Étienne_Lombard birthYear "1869".
- Étienne_Lombard deathDate "1920".
- Étienne_Lombard deathYear "1920".
- Étienne_Lombard thumbnail Père-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Lombard_02.jpg?width=300.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageID "22830753".
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageLength "4171".
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageOutDegree "26".
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageRevisionID "677552354".
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Académie_Nationale_de_Médecine.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Category:1869_births.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Category:1920_deaths.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Category:Burials_at_Père_Lachaise_Cemetery.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Category:French_physicians.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Category:French_surgeons.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Category:Otolaryngologists.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Conversation.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Delayed_Auditory_Feedback.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Delayed_auditory_feedback.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink French_Academy_of_Medicine.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink French_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Hearing_loss.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Human_voice.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Intelligibility_(communication).
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Involuntary.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Lariboisiere_Hospital.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Lariboisière_Hospital.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Lombard_effect.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Malingering.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Monaural.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Noise.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Otolaryngologist.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Otorhinolaryngology.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Père_Lachaise_Cemetery.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Robert_Bárány.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Róbert_Bárány.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Servomechanism.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Surgeon.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink Voice.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLink File:Père-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Lombard_02.jpg.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageWikiLinkText "Étienne Lombard".
- Étienne_Lombard dateOfBirth "1869".
- Étienne_Lombard dateOfDeath "1920".
- Étienne_Lombard hasPhotoCollection Étienne_Lombard.
- Étienne_Lombard name "Lombard, Etienne".
- Étienne_Lombard shortDescription "French surgeon".
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commons_category.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Étienne_Lombard wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Étienne_Lombard description "French surgeon".
- Étienne_Lombard description "French surgeon".
- Étienne_Lombard subject Category:1869_births.
- Étienne_Lombard subject Category:1920_deaths.
- Étienne_Lombard subject Category:Burials_at_Père_Lachaise_Cemetery.
- Étienne_Lombard subject Category:French_physicians.
- Étienne_Lombard subject Category:French_surgeons.
- Étienne_Lombard subject Category:Otolaryngologists.
- Étienne_Lombard type Agent.
- Étienne_Lombard type Person.
- Étienne_Lombard type Person.
- Étienne_Lombard type Agent.
- Étienne_Lombard type NaturalPerson.
- Étienne_Lombard type Thing.
- Étienne_Lombard type Q215627.
- Étienne_Lombard type Q5.
- Étienne_Lombard type Person.
- Étienne_Lombard comment "Étienne Lombard (1869–1920) was a French otolaryngologist and surgeon who discovered the Lombard effect, in which a person's voice is involuntarily raised when speaking in a loud environment.He was at the Lariboisiere Hospital, the first "oto-rhino-laryngologiste des Hopitaux" in France. He developed new surgical techniques and a new form of bone forceps.".
- Étienne_Lombard label "Étienne Lombard".
- Étienne_Lombard sameAs Category:Étienne_Lombard.
- Étienne_Lombard sameAs Étienne_Lombard.
- Étienne_Lombard sameAs m.06414l3.
- Étienne_Lombard sameAs Q8078475.
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- Étienne_Lombard wasDerivedFrom Étienne_Lombard?oldid=677552354.
- Étienne_Lombard depiction Père-Lachaise_-_Division_41_-_Lombard_02.jpg.
- Étienne_Lombard givenName "Etienne".
- Étienne_Lombard isPrimaryTopicOf Étienne_Lombard.
- Étienne_Lombard name "Etienne Lombard".
- Étienne_Lombard name "Lombard, Etienne".
- Étienne_Lombard surname "Lombard".