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- Q994741 subject Q7217012.
- Q994741 abstract "The entry and exit of large molecules from the cell nucleus is tightly controlled by the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Although small molecules can enter the nucleus without regulation, macromolecules such as RNA and proteins require association with transport factors like karyopherins called importins to enter the nucleus and exportins to exit.Protein that must be imported to the nucleus from the cytoplasm carry nuclear localization signals (NLS) that are bound by importins. A NLS is a sequence of amino acids that acts as a tag. They are diverse in their composition and most commonly hydrophilic, although hydrophobic sequences have also been documented. Proteins, transfer RNA, and assembled ribosomal subunits are exported from the nucleus due to association with exportins, which bind signaling sequences called nuclear export signals (NES). The ability of both importins and exportins to transport their cargo is regulated by the small Ras related GTPase, Ran.GTPases are enzymes that bind to a molecule called guanosine triphosphate (GTP) which they then hydrolyze to create guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and release energy. Ran is in a different conformation depending on whether it is bound to GTP or GDP. In its GTP bound state, Ran is capable of binding karyopherins (importins and exportins). Importins release cargo upon binding to RanGTP, while exportins must bind RanGTP to form a ternary complex with their export cargo. The dominant nucleotide binding state of Ran depends on whether it is located in the nucleus (RanGTP) or the cytoplasm (RanGDP).".
- Q994741 thumbnail Rancycle_nuclearimport_nuclearexport.png?width=300.
- Q994741 wikiPageExternalLink nuclearporecomplex.
- Q994741 wikiPageExternalLink nuclearporecomplex2.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q103135.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q17125079.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q18031028.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q18035118.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q192197.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q201448.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q219567.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q30679.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q3193641.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q3511067.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q392227.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q40260.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q408592.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q42244.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q441313.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q647203.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q7217012.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q769143.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q898362.
- Q994741 wikiPageWikiLink Q910966.
- Q994741 comment "The entry and exit of large molecules from the cell nucleus is tightly controlled by the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Although small molecules can enter the nucleus without regulation, macromolecules such as RNA and proteins require association with transport factors like karyopherins called importins to enter the nucleus and exportins to exit.Protein that must be imported to the nucleus from the cytoplasm carry nuclear localization signals (NLS) that are bound by importins.".
- Q994741 label "Nuclear transport".
- Q994741 depiction Rancycle_nuclearimport_nuclearexport.png.