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- Q862586 subject Q6342028.
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- Q862586 subject Q8106011.
- Q862586 subject Q8123203.
- Q862586 subject Q8611613.
- Q862586 subject Q8774554.
- Q862586 subject Q9604899.
- Q862586 abstract "The September Massacres were a wave of killings in Paris (2–7 September 1792) and other cities in late summer 1792, during the French Revolution. There was a fear that foreign and royalist armies would attack Paris and that the inmates of the city's prisons would be freed and join them. Radicals called for preemptive action, especially journalist Jean-Paul Marat, who called on draftees to kill the prisoners before they could be freed. The action was undertaken by mobs of National Guardsmen and some fédérés; it was tolerated by the city government, the Paris Commune, which called on other cities to follow suit. By 6 September, half the prison population of Paris had been summarily executed: some 1200 to 1400 prisoners. Of these 233 were nonjuring Catholic priests who refused to submit to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. However, the great majority of those killed were common criminals. The massacres were repeated in many other French cities.No one was prosecuted for the killings, but the political repercussions first injured the Girondists (who seemed too moderate) and later the Jacobins (who seemed too bloodthirsty).The September Massacres were an iconic event that to this day divides the supporters and opponents of the Revolution. Gwynne Lewis concludes:The September Massacres mark a watershed in the troubled history of the relationship between ‘the people’ and the political elite in France. Popular violence, provoked by foreign invasion and counter-revolution, would have to be tamed, either by constructing an alternative ‘official’ terror, or by puncturing, once and for all, this myth of a universal, revolutionary will. The Jacobin Terror of 1793-4 was a product, not so much of Enlightenment theorizing as of war, and the related twin political forces unleashed by the Revolution itself, popular radicalism and elite—and popular—counter-revolution.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑".
- Q862586 thumbnail Massacre_à_la_Salpêtrière.jpg?width=300.
- Q862586 wikiPageExternalLink 392.
- Q862586 wikiPageExternalLink 393.
- Q862586 wikiPageExternalLink SeptMassacres.html.
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- Q862586 wikiPageExternalLink historical-dictionary-of-the-french-revolution-1789-1799.
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- Q862586 comment "The September Massacres were a wave of killings in Paris (2–7 September 1792) and other cities in late summer 1792, during the French Revolution. There was a fear that foreign and royalist armies would attack Paris and that the inmates of the city's prisons would be freed and join them. Radicals called for preemptive action, especially journalist Jean-Paul Marat, who called on draftees to kill the prisoners before they could be freed.".
- Q862586 label "September Massacres".
- Q862586 depiction Massacre_à_la_Salpêtrière.jpg.