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- Q782462 subject Q6467949.
- Q782462 subject Q6966800.
- Q782462 subject Q6967695.
- Q782462 abstract "The autokinetic effect (also referred to as autokinesis) is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move. It was first recorded by a Russian officer keeping watch who observed illusory movement of a star near the horizon. It presumably occurs because motion perception is always relative to some reference point. In darkness or in a featureless environment there is no reference point, so the movement of the single point is undefined. The direction of the movements does not appear to be correlated with the involuntary eye movements, but may be determined by errors between eye position and that specified by efference copy of the movement signals sent to the extraocular muscles.The amplitude of the movements is also undefined. Individual observers set their own frames of reference to judge amplitude (and possibly direction). Because the phenomenon is labile, it has been used to show the effects of social influence or suggestion on judgements. For example, if an observer who would otherwise say the light is moving one foot overhears another observer say the light is moving one yard then the first observer will report that the light moved one yard. Discovery of the influence of suggestion on the autokinetic effect is often attributed to Sherif (1935), but it was recorded by Adams (1912), if not others.Alexander von Humboldt observed the phenomenon in 1799 while looking at stars with the naked eye, but thought it was a real movement of the stars. Thus he named them "Sternschwanken" i.e. "Swinging Stars". It was not until 1857 that G. Schweitzer (Schweitzer, 1857), an early German psychologist, discovered that it was a subjective phenomenon. The US Navy started studying this in 1945 in order to explain vertigo experiences related by pilots. Today this "kinetic illusion" is categorized as a vestibular-induced illusion, see vestibular system.Many sightings of UFOs have also been attributed to the autokinetic effect's action on looking at stars or planets.".
- Q782462 wikiPageExternalLink afman11-217v1.pdf.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q1307337.
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- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q4596549.
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- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q596832.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q6467949.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q6694.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q690194.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q6966800.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q6967695.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q79782.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q942268.
- Q782462 wikiPageWikiLink Q953430.
- Q782462 comment "The autokinetic effect (also referred to as autokinesis) is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move. It was first recorded by a Russian officer keeping watch who observed illusory movement of a star near the horizon. It presumably occurs because motion perception is always relative to some reference point.".
- Q782462 label "Autokinetic effect".