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- Q7429792 subject Q13263514.
- Q7429792 subject Q21139190.
- Q7429792 abstract "Scalloped topography is common in the mid-latitudes of Mars, between 45° and 60° north and south. It is particularly prominent in the region of Utopia Planitia, in the northern hemisphere, and in the region of Peneus and Amphitrites Paterae in the southern hemisphere. Such topography consists of shallow, rimless depressions with scalloped edges, commonly referred to as "scalloped depressions" or simply "scallops". Scalloped depressions can be isolated or clustered and sometimes seem to coalesce. A typical scalloped depression displays a gentle equator-facing slope and a steeper pole-facing scarp. This topographic asymmetry is probably due to differences in insolation. Scalloped depressions are believed to form from the removal of subsurface material, possibly interstitial ice, by sublimation (direct transition of a material from the solid to the gas phase with no intermediate liquid stage). This process may still be happening at present. This topography may be of great importance for future colonization of Mars because it may point to deposits of pure ice.A study published in Icarus, found that the landforms of scalloped topography can be made by the subsurface loss of water ice by sublimation under current Martian climate conditions over periods of tens of thousands of Mars years. Scalloped depressions are thought to begin with a small trigger like a small impact, local darkening, erosion, or cracks from thermal contraction. Cracks are common in ice-rich ground on the Earth. Their model predicts that these scalloped depression will develop when the ground has large amounts of pure ice, up to many tens of meters in depth. So, scalloped features can serve as markers for large deposits of pure ice. Ice in and around scalloped topography is not just in the pore spaces of the ground it is excess ice, probably 99% pure as was found by the Phoenix mission. The shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD), aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter can detect ice-rich layers only when thicker than 10-20 meters over wide areas; it has discovered ice in the region of scalloped topography. In Utopia Planitia, a series of curvilinear ridges parallel to the scarp are etched on the floor of large scalloped depressions, possibly representing different stages of scarp erosion. Recently, other researchers have advanced an idea that the ridges represent the tops of layers. Sometimes the surface around scalloped terrain or scalloped topography displays "patterned ground", characterized by a regular pattern of polygonal fractures. These patterns indicate that the surface has undergone stress, perhaps caused by subsidence, desiccation, or thermal contraction. Such patterns are common in periglacial areas on Earth. Scalloped terrains in Utopia Planitia display polygonal features of different sizes: small (about 5–10 m across) on the scarp, and larger (30–50 m across) on the surrounding terrains. These scale differences may indicate local difference in ground ice concentrations.".
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q1036092.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q11871099.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q129091.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q131800.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q13263514.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q1412602.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q1434835.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q1525106.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q183160.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q21139190.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q2357969.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q3054539.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q3055620.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q3055677.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q3055690.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q3943611.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q6726074.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q6850772.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q7429792.
- Q7429792 wikiPageWikiLink Q7556707.
- Q7429792 comment "Scalloped topography is common in the mid-latitudes of Mars, between 45° and 60° north and south. It is particularly prominent in the region of Utopia Planitia, in the northern hemisphere, and in the region of Peneus and Amphitrites Paterae in the southern hemisphere. Such topography consists of shallow, rimless depressions with scalloped edges, commonly referred to as "scalloped depressions" or simply "scallops".".
- Q7429792 label "Scalloped topography".