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- Q7294539 subject Q5601738.
- Q7294539 subject Q6393978.
- Q7294539 subject Q7483213.
- Q7294539 subject Q8817186.
- Q7294539 abstract "The rare disease assumption is a mathematical assumption in epidemiologic case-control studies where the hypothesis tests the association between an exposure and a disease. It is assumed that, if the prevalence of the disease is low, then the odds ratio approaches the relative risk.Case control studies are relatively inexpensive and less time consuming than cohort studies. Since case control studies don't track patients over time, they can't establish relative risk. The case control study can, however, calculate the exposure-odds ratio, which, mathematically, is supposed to approach the relative risk as prevalence falls.Some authors Template:Who? state that if the prevalence is 10% or less, the disease can be considered rare enough to allow the rare disease assumption. Unfortunately, the magnitude of discrepancy between the odds ratio and the relative risk is dependent not only on the prevalence, but also, to a great degree, on two other factors. The following example will illustrate this difficulty clearly. Consider a standard table showing the association between two binary variables with frequencies a = true positives = 49005929, b = false positives = 50994071, c = false negatives = 50994071 and d = true negatives = 849005929. In this case the odds ratio (OR) is equal to 16 and the relative risk (RR) is equal to 8,65. Although the prevalence in our example equals 10% it is very difficult to apply the rare disease assumption because OR and RR can hardly be considered to be approximately the same. However, in this example the disease is not particularly "rare"; a 10% prevalence value means 1 in 10 people would have it. As the prevalence drops lower and lower, OR approaches the RR much more closely. This is one of the most problematic aspects of the rare disease assumption, since there is no threshold prevalence below which a disease is considered "rare", and thus no strict guideline to determine when the assumption applies".
- Q7294539 wikiPageExternalLink pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3776970.
- Q7294539 wikiPageExternalLink pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7124721.
- Q7294539 wikiPageExternalLink pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10678870.
- Q7294539 wikiPageExternalLink pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11565997.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q133805.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q151.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q1778788.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q1862216.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q2142611.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q41719.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q5601738.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q6393978.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q719602.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q7483213.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q8817186.
- Q7294539 wikiPageWikiLink Q961652.
- Q7294539 comment "The rare disease assumption is a mathematical assumption in epidemiologic case-control studies where the hypothesis tests the association between an exposure and a disease. It is assumed that, if the prevalence of the disease is low, then the odds ratio approaches the relative risk.Case control studies are relatively inexpensive and less time consuming than cohort studies. Since case control studies don't track patients over time, they can't establish relative risk.".
- Q7294539 label "Rare disease assumption".