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- Q7060425 subject Q6794651.
- Q7060425 subject Q6986726.
- Q7060425 subject Q7201090.
- Q7060425 subject Q7480065.
- Q7060425 subject Q7480997.
- Q7060425 subject Q8109051.
- Q7060425 subject Q8307164.
- Q7060425 subject Q8484829.
- Q7060425 subject Q8484989.
- Q7060425 subject Q8485512.
- Q7060425 subject Q8486295.
- Q7060425 subject Q8586671.
- Q7060425 abstract "The northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods was a critical landmark for the boundary between U.S. territory and the British possessions to the north. This point was referred to in the Treaty of Paris in 1783 and in later treaties including the Treaty of 1818. This point lies at the corner of the Northwest Angle of Minnesota and is thus the northernmost point in the lower 48 United States. After Canadian Confederation, the point became the basis for the border between Manitoba and Ontario.The "northwesternmost point" of the lake had not yet been identified when it was referenced in treaties defining the border between the US and Britain; it was simply an easily described abstraction based on a large landmark. The best maps at the time of the original negotiation depicted the lake as a simple oval. However, although the southern portion of the lake is easily mapped, to the north it becomes a complex tangle of bays, peninsulas, and islands, with many adjacent bodies of water separated or connected by narrow isthmuses or straits. An 1822 survey crew declared the referenced point impossible to determine. In 1824, British explorer David Thompson was hired to identify it. Thompson mapped the lake and found four possibilities, but did not conclusively declare one location.In 1825, British astronomer Dr. Johann Tiarks surveyed the lake. Tiarks identified two possibilities for the "northwesternmost" point on the lake, based on Thompson's maps: the Angle Inlet and Rat Portage. To determine which point was the most northwestern, he drew a line from each point in the southwest-northeast direction. If the line intersected the lake at any point, it was not the most northwestern point, as shown in the example diagram here. Tiarks determined that the only such line that did not intersect the lake was at the edge of a pond on the Angle Inlet. (A 1940 academic study documents this point as being in the immediate vicinity of 49°23′51.324″N 95°9′12.20783″W (NAD83).)Under the 1783 treaty, the international border would have run due west from this point to the Mississippi River. As this was determined to be geographically impossible (the Mississippi begins further south), under the 1818 treaty the international border instead ran from the point determined by Tiarks, to the 49th parallel. (It was not known at the time whether that was to the north or – in fact – the south.) From there it ran due west to the Rocky Mountains (and later, the Pacific coast).Tiarks' point, however, created problems, because the 1818 treaty called for the border to run directly north-south from it. South of that point, the channel of the Northwest Angle Inlet meandered east and west, crossing the border five times, thereby creating two small enclaves of water areas totaling two and a half acres that belonged to the United States but were surrounded by Canadian waters. A 1925 treaty addressed this by adopting the southernmost of the points where the channel and the border intersected – approximately 5000 ft. south of Tiarks' point – as the new "northwesternmost point". The new northwesternmost point thus became 49° 23′ 04.14″ N, 95° 09′ 11.34″ W, based on the NAD27 datum, which is equivalent to 49° 23′ 04.12373″ N, 95° 09′ 12.20783″ W under the modern NAD83 datum.".
- Q7060425 thumbnail NorthwesternPointLakeoftheWoods.svg?width=300.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q1256141.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q1497.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q1520743.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q1527.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q1904.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q1948.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q2001250.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q217450.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q37901.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q5463.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q649599.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q6794651.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q6986726.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q7201090.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q7480065.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q7480997.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q763043.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q783316.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q8109051.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q8307164.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q845876.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q8484829.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q8484989.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q8485512.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q8486295.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q8586671.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q93267.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q98.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q993433.
- Q7060425 wikiPageWikiLink Q993714.
- Q7060425 point "49.39759 -95.15339106388889".
- Q7060425 type SpatialThing.
- Q7060425 comment "The northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods was a critical landmark for the boundary between U.S. territory and the British possessions to the north. This point was referred to in the Treaty of Paris in 1783 and in later treaties including the Treaty of 1818. This point lies at the corner of the Northwest Angle of Minnesota and is thus the northernmost point in the lower 48 United States.".
- Q7060425 label "Northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods".
- Q7060425 lat "49.39759".
- Q7060425 long "-95.15339106388889".
- Q7060425 depiction NorthwesternPointLakeoftheWoods.svg.