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- Q6193286 subject Q7016015.
- Q6193286 subject Q7307182.
- Q6193286 subject Q8123806.
- Q6193286 subject Q8376912.
- Q6193286 subject Q8390789.
- Q6193286 subject Q8546858.
- Q6193286 subject Q8616752.
- Q6193286 abstract ""Jim" was the name of a former milk wagon horse, who was used to produce serum containing diphtheria antitoxin (antibodies against diphtheria toxin). Jim produced over 30 quarts (7.5 US gallons) of diphtheria antitoxin in his career. However, on October 2, 1901, Jim showed signs that he had contracted tetanus and was euthanized. After the death of a girl in St. Louis was traced back to Jim's contaminated serum, it was discovered that serum dated September 30 contained tetanus in its incubation phase. This contamination could have easily been discovered if the serum had been tested prior to its use. Furthermore, samples from September 30 had also been used to fill bottles labeled "August 24," while actual samples from the 24th were shown to be free of contamination.These failures in oversight led to the distribution of antitoxin that caused the death of 12 more children. This incident, and a similar one involving contaminated smallpox vaccine, led to the passage of the Biologics Control Act of 1902, which established the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Jim's misfortune, and the ensuing tragedy and reaction, thus established a precedent for the regulation of biologics, leading to the 1906 formation of the US Food and Drug Administration, or FDA.".
- Q6193286 thumbnail JimHorse.png?width=300.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q101929.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q12214.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q134649.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q134808.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q1664296.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q189603.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q204711.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q309471.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q4915043.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q5059524.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q584135.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q652653.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q7016015.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q7307182.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q79460.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q79749.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q8123806.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q8376912.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q8390789.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q8546858.
- Q6193286 wikiPageWikiLink Q8616752.
- Q6193286 comment ""Jim" was the name of a former milk wagon horse, who was used to produce serum containing diphtheria antitoxin (antibodies against diphtheria toxin). Jim produced over 30 quarts (7.5 US gallons) of diphtheria antitoxin in his career. However, on October 2, 1901, Jim showed signs that he had contracted tetanus and was euthanized. After the death of a girl in St.".
- Q6193286 label "Jim (horse)".
- Q6193286 depiction JimHorse.png.