Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q60235> ?p ?o }
- Q60235 subject Q10736055.
- Q60235 subject Q13244155.
- Q60235 subject Q15130456.
- Q60235 subject Q15258842.
- Q60235 subject Q7173223.
- Q60235 subject Q7321255.
- Q60235 subject Q7321864.
- Q60235 subject Q8221418.
- Q60235 subject Q8256743.
- Q60235 subject Q8302198.
- Q60235 subject Q8761830.
- Q60235 subject Q8927885.
- Q60235 abstract "Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, but — unlike many other psychoactive substances — it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is closely related chemically to the adenine and guanine contained in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia and confers on them several survival and reproductive benefits. The most well known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, a misnomer for the seed of Coffea plants. Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; in 2005, 90% of North American adults consumed caffeine daily.Caffeine can have both positive and negative health effects. It can be used to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity, and to prevent apnea of prematurity: caffeine citrate was placed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines in 2007. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease and certain types of cancer. One meta-analysis concluded that cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease and stroke is less likely with 3–5 cups of non-decaffeinated coffee per day but more likely with over 5 cups per day. Some people experience insomnia or sleep disruption if they consume caffeine, especially during the evening hours, but others show little disturbance. Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal; some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit consumption to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less. Caffeine can produce a mild form of drug dependence – associated with withdrawal symptoms such as sleepiness, headache, and irritability – when an individual stops using caffeine after repeated daily intake. Tolerance to the autonomic effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate, and increased urine output, develops with chronic use (i.e., these symptoms become less pronounced or do not occur following consistent use).Caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS). Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day. A cup of coffee contains 80–175 mg of caffeine, depending on what "bean" (seed) is used and how it is prepared (e.g. drip, percolation, or espresso). Thus it requires roughly 50–100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach a lethal dose. However pure powdered caffeine, which is available as a dietary supplement, can be lethal in tablespoon-sized amounts.".
- Q60235 bioavailability "99.0".
- Q60235 thumbnail Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg?width=300.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink AN01211.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink Caffeine.html.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink 43595824-4FD6-4B29-AFC2-2771E487F6F3.aspx.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink neng0405.html.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink CU21.html.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink CU22.html.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink mv_caffeine.htm.
- Q60235 wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q101017.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1010694.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q101815.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1029367.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1041116.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q104319.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1047468.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q104837.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1053605.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1056637.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1057.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1057591.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1067506.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1072.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q10736055.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q10737.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1077823.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11053.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1106843.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11081.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11085.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11193.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1123260.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1124286.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1130172.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11337567.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1144575.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1148337.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1155703.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11570.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11582.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q11701.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q117068.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q12078.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q12144.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q122553.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q12560.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q131656.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q13241.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q13244155.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q132501.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1329066.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q133823.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q134041.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1357.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1359801.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1361086.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q13703.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1424874.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1425425.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q147538.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q147701.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q147778.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q14864419.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q14864434.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q14888579.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q14890102.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q14916181.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q14916190.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1500351.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q15130456.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1518347.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q151911.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q15258842.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q15277.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q153.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q1536078.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q153697.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q156354.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q159701.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q160894.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q161205.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q165199.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q165328.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q16834664.
- Q60235 wikiPageWikiLink Q169313.