Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q5953345> ?p ?o }
- Q5953345 subject Q8414840.
- Q5953345 subject Q8529110.
- Q5953345 subject Q8529114.
- Q5953345 abstract "Hybrid vehicles are vehicles with one or all of the points below:Multiple forms of motive power - at least two. Multiple sources of energy - at least two. Hybrids come in many configurations. For example, a hybrid may receive all its energy from onboard petroleum fuel, however may be driven by an electric motor or a combustion engine at various times or both simultaneously. Another example, is that a vehicle may be driven only by electric drive traction motors and receive its energy from two sources: a combustion engine electric generator, the generator is commonly referred to as a range-extender, or an electric battery that is charged externally or by the onboard generator. Because of the differences, the various types of hybrid drivetrains fall into sub hybrid categories of which this article covers.While electrical vehicles have a long history combining internal combustion and electrical transmission - as in a diesel-electric power train – they have rarely been used for any vehicular application other than railways. A diesel-electric powertrain fails to meet the definition of hybrid because the electrical drive transmission directly replaces the mechanical transmission rather than being a supplementary source of motive power. One of the earliest forms of hybrid land vehicle meeting modern definitions is the 'trackless' trolleybus of the 1930s, which normally used traction current delivered by wire. The trollybus was also commonly fitted with an internal combustion engine to either directly power the bus or to independently generate electrical power. This enabled the vehicle to manoeuvre around obstacles and broken overhead transmission wires.In the widest sense, the power-train includes all of the components used to transform stored potential energy. They may either use chemical, solar, nuclear or kinetic and make them useful for propulsion purposes. The oldest example is the galley that used sails and oars. The most common example is on most city streets. It is the electrically assisted pedal bicycle. Lastly, the most novel example is the flywheel bus of the 1950s. Also, the latest hybrid car which features a combination of stored electrical potential in the form of battery, supplemented by a small, efficient, clean-burning internal combustion engine that can recharge the batteries on a long journey or directly power the vehicle in addition to battery power to give higher performance is a very innovative example.There are many different types of hybrid vehicles, but only the electric internal combustion engine (ICE) type is currently commercially available. Both sources may operate in parallel to simultaneously provide power, or they may operate in series with one source exclusively providing the power and the second used to provide energy. Ideally, both systems are capable of being used flexibly in series and parallel as needed; but in practice, it is usual to regard one source as primary, with the other being used to augment the first.Current hybrids use both an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a battery/electric drive system, commonly using ultracapacitors, to improve fuel consumption, emissions, performance and to recover kinetic energy when braking. In effect, kinetic energy reclaim harvests energy that would otherwise be lost.While other combinations of energy storage and conversion are possible, none are in commercial production. Efficiency gains from superior energy management and regeneration are offset by expense, complexity and the limitations of battery technology. Combustion-electric hybrids have battery sets with far larger capacity than a normal combustion-only vehicle. A combustion-electric hybrid has batteries that are light that offer higher energy density that are far more costly. The combustion-only vehicle requires a battery to be large enough to operate the electrical system, with the batteries tending to be cheap, heavy, inefficient with a short life. However, battery and supercapacitor technology is advancing offsetting the relatively short lifespan of batteries. If the pattern established in the electronics industry is replicated - superior energy storage will become increasingly affordable.".
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