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- Q583939 subject Q8389361.
- Q583939 subject Q8670073.
- Q583939 abstract "The Himalayan relict dragonfly (Epiophlebia laidlawi) is one of two species of Epiprocta in the family Epiophlebiidae. They have at one time been classified as a suborder Anisozygoptera, considered as intermediate between the dragonflies and the damselflies, partly because the hind wings and fore wings are very similar in size and shape, and partly because the insect at rest holds them back over the body as damselflies do. These attributes now are known to be misleading however; the genus Epiophlebia shares a more recent ancestor with dragonflies and became separated from other Anisoptera in and around the uplifting Himalayas.The species was first described from a larva collected in June 1918 by Stanley Kemp in a stream just above Sonada in the vicinity of Darjeeling. It was identified as an Epiophlebia by Dr. F. F. Laidlaw of Devon who dissected the wing sheaths of the specimen and his identification was endorsed by R.J. Tillyard, who described and gave it the commemorative name.This species has been found in several locations along the Himalayas including Chittrey, Mt. Shivapuri, Kathmandu area, Solokhumbu region, all in Nepal, where it breeds in streams between 6,000 and 11,500 ft (1,800–3,500m). The only other extant species described, Epiophlebia superstes, is found in Japan. The two species have a similar physical appearance, black body with bright yellow stripes on the thorax and abdomen. In 2015, the range proved to include Bhutan when nymphs were found at several locations.E. laidlawi flies at 3000 to 3650 m and has few predators. Alan Davies suggested in 1992 that they bred in waterfalls at 2000 m with the adults flying higher later. Breeding sites at lower altitudes were discovered later. Peter Northcott mentioned 1860-2380m in 1988 but Stephen Butler discovered larvae on Shivapuri at 1800m.The larvae grow for five to six years, which is believed to be the longest for any odonate. Specimens may emerge after nine years in many cases. Stephen Butler notes that the larvae stridulate when disturbed. The larvae appear like those of the Anisoptera but are unable to use the Anisopteran jet-propulsion mode of escape; instead they must walk.The adult flight is slow and rather uncoordinated. The discoidal cell in the forewing is uncrossed and four sided and in the hindwing the crossvein is long making the cell distally wide. The arculus is situated between the primary antenodals. In mating, the male grasps the female behind the head as in the Anisoptera. The female is not accompanied during egg laying. She lays eggs into plant tissue while sitting on the stem of a waterside plant. The eggs are laid from bottom to top in a regular zig-zag pattern. The preferred plants are usually bryophytes.".
- Q583939 binomialAuthority Q326396.
- Q583939 class Q1390.
- Q583939 conservationStatus "NT".
- Q583939 conservationStatusSystem "IUCN3.1".
- Q583939 family Q1758531.
- Q583939 genus Q1758531.
- Q583939 kingdom Q729.
- Q583939 order Q1317561.
- Q583939 order Q1758531.
- Q583939 order Q25375.
- Q583939 phylum Q1360.
- Q583939 thumbnail EpiophlebiaLarva.jpg?width=300.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q1314892.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q1317561.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q1360.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q1361864.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q1390.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q169997.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q17.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q1758531.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q182037.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q2261528.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q230502.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q25375.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q276572.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q3037.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q326396.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q5451.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q5799028.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q729.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q7499422.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q7560731.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q7600036.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q80066.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q8269924.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q837.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q8389361.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q8670073.
- Q583939 wikiPageWikiLink Q917.
- Q583939 binomialAuthority "Tillyard, 1921".
- Q583939 classis "Insecta".
- Q583939 familia Q1758531.
- Q583939 genus "Epiophlebia".
- Q583939 infraordo Q1758531.
- Q583939 ordo Q25375.
- Q583939 phylum "Arthropoda".
- Q583939 regnum "Animalia".
- Q583939 status "NT".
- Q583939 statusSystem "IUCN3.1".
- Q583939 subordo Q1317561.
- Q583939 type Animal.
- Q583939 type Eukaryote.
- Q583939 type Insect.
- Q583939 type Species.
- Q583939 type Thing.
- Q583939 type Q1390.
- Q583939 type Q19088.
- Q583939 type Q729.
- Q583939 comment "The Himalayan relict dragonfly (Epiophlebia laidlawi) is one of two species of Epiprocta in the family Epiophlebiidae. They have at one time been classified as a suborder Anisozygoptera, considered as intermediate between the dragonflies and the damselflies, partly because the hind wings and fore wings are very similar in size and shape, and partly because the insect at rest holds them back over the body as damselflies do.".
- Q583939 label "Epiophlebia laidlawi".
- Q583939 depiction EpiophlebiaLarva.jpg.