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- Q5205747 subject Q4926419.
- Q5205747 subject Q6382183.
- Q5205747 subject Q7217197.
- Q5205747 subject Q7335318.
- Q5205747 subject Q7335383.
- Q5205747 subject Q7467724.
- Q5205747 subject Q8358945.
- Q5205747 subject Q8803209.
- Q5205747 abstract "DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a base missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG. Damage to DNA that occurs naturally can result from metabolic or hydrolytic processes. Metabolism releases compounds that damage DNA including reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, reactive carbonyl species, lipid peroxidation products and alkylating agents, among others, while hydrolysis cleaves chemical bonds in DNA. Naturally occurring oxidative DNA damages arise at least 10,000 times per cell per day in humans and 50,000 times or more per cell per day in rats, as documented below.DNA damage is distinctly different from mutation, although both are types of error in DNA. DNA damage is an abnormal chemical structure in DNA, while a mutation is a change in the sequence of standard base pairs.DNA damage and mutation have different biological consequences. While most DNA damages can undergo DNA repair, such repair is not 100% efficient. Un-repaired DNA damages accumulate in non-replicating cells, such as cells in the brains or muscles of adult mammals and can cause aging. (Also see DNA damage theory of aging.) In replicating cells, such as cells lining the colon, errors occur upon replication of past damages in the template strand of DNA or during repair of DNA damages. These errors can give rise to mutations or epigenetic alterations. Both of these types of alteration can be replicated and passed on to subsequent cell generations. These alterations can change gene function or regulation of gene expression and possibly contribute to progression to cancer.".
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- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q4926419.
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- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q6382183.
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- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q7217197.
- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q7335318.
- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q7335383.
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- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q7467724.
- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q8358945.
- Q5205747 wikiPageWikiLink Q8803209.
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- Q5205747 comment "DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a base missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG. Damage to DNA that occurs naturally can result from metabolic or hydrolytic processes.".
- Q5205747 label "DNA damage (naturally occurring)".