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- Q5201370 subject Q7217012.
- Q5201370 abstract "Cytonemes are thin, cellular projections that are specialized for exchange of signaling proteins between cells. Cytonemes emanate from cells that make signaling proteins, extending directly to cells that receive signaling proteins. Cytonemes also extend directly from cells that receive signaling proteins to cells that make themA cytoneme is a type of filopodium - a thin, tubular extension of a cell’s plasma membrane that has a core composed of tightly bundled, parallel actin filaments. Filopodia can extend more than 100 μm and have been measured as thin as 0.1 μm and as thick as 0.5 μm. Cytonemes with a diameter of approximately 0.2 μm and as long as 80 μm have been observed in the Drosophila wing imaginal discMany cell types have filopodia. The functions of filopodia have been attributed to pathfinding of neurons, early stages of synapse formation, antigen presentation by dendritic cells of the immune system, force generation by macrophages and virus transmission. They have been associated with wound closure, dorsal closure of Drosophila embryos, chemotaxis in Dictyostelium, Delta-Notch signaling, vasculogenesis, cell adhesion, cell migration, and cancer metastasis. Filopodia have been given various names: microspikes, pseudopods, thin filopodia, thick filopodia, gliopodia, myopodia, invadopodia, podosomes, telopodes, tunneling nanotubes and dendrites. The term cytoneme was coined to denote the presence of cytoplasm in their interior (cyto-) and their finger-like appearance (-neme), and to distinguish their role as signaling, rather than structural or force-generating, organelles.Filopodia with behaviors suggestive of roles in sensing patterning information were first observed in sea urchin embryos, and subsequent characterizations support the idea that they convey patterning signals between cells. The discovery of cytonemes in Drosophila imaginal discs correlated for the first time the presence and behavior of filopodia with a known morphogen signaling protein - Decapentaplegic. Decapentaplegic is expressed in the wing disc by cells that function as a developmental organizer, and cytonemes that are responsive to Decapentaplegic orient toward this developmental organizer. Receptors for signaling proteins are present in motile vesicles in cytonemes, and receptors for different signaling proteins segregate specifically to different types of cytonemes. In Drosophila, cytonemes have been found in wing and eye imaginal discs, lymph glands and ovaries. They have also been described in spider embryos, earwig ovaries, Rhodnius, Calpodes, earthworms, retroviral-infected cells, mast cells, B-lymphocytes and neutrophils. Recent obserrvations suggest that cytonemes have also an important role during vertebrate development. During zebrafish gastrulation signaling filopodia are used to transport Wnt8a to pattern the neural plate.".
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q103537.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q1059.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q1424593.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q165291.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q17146891.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q181876.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q184204.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q185269.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q187181.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q187640.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q188417.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q188930.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q189092.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q191989.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q312154.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q3324385.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q3498029.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q3772735.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q417084.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q43054.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q506253.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q658145.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q7207063.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q7217012.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q808.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q976767.
- Q5201370 wikiPageWikiLink Q996011.
- Q5201370 comment "Cytonemes are thin, cellular projections that are specialized for exchange of signaling proteins between cells. Cytonemes emanate from cells that make signaling proteins, extending directly to cells that receive signaling proteins. Cytonemes also extend directly from cells that receive signaling proteins to cells that make themA cytoneme is a type of filopodium - a thin, tubular extension of a cell’s plasma membrane that has a core composed of tightly bundled, parallel actin filaments.".
- Q5201370 label "Cytoneme".