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- Q501908 subject Q7061790.
- Q501908 abstract "An arteriole /ɑːrˈtɪəri.oʊl/ is a small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries. The decreased velocity of flow in the capillaries increases the blood pressure, due to Bernoulli's principle. This induces gas and nutrients to move from the blood to the cells, due to the lower osmotic pressure outside of the capillary. The opposite process occurs when the blood leaves the capillaries and enters the venules, where the blood pressure drops due to an increase in flow rate. Arterioles receive autonomic nervous system innervation and respond to various circulating hormones in order to regulate their diameter. Retinal vessels lack a functional sympathetic innervation.Further local responses to stretch, carbon dioxide, pH, and oxygen also influence arteriolar tone. Generally, norepinephrine and epinephrine (hormones produced by sympathetic nerves and the adrenal gland medulla) are vasoconstrictive acting on alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. However, the arterioles of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and pulmonary circulation vasodilate in response to these hormones when they act on beta-adrenergic receptors. Generally, stretch and high oxygen tension increase tone, and carbon dioxide and low pH promote vasodilation. Pulmonary arterioles are a noteworthy exception as they vasodilate in response to high oxygen. Brain arterioles are particularly sensitive to pH with reduced pH promoting vasodilation. A number of hormones influence arteriole tone such as angiotensin II (vasoconstrictive), endothelin (vasoconstrictive), bradykinin (vasodilation), atrial natruretic peptide (vasodilation), and prostacyclin (vasodilation).Blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the work needed to pump the cardiac output (the flow of blood pumped by the heart) through the vascular resistance, usually termed total peripheral resistance by physicians and researchers. An increase in the media to lumenal diameter ratio has been observed in hypertensive arterioles (arteriolosclerosis) as the vascular wall thickens and/or lumenal diameter decreases.".
- Q501908 thumbnail Capillaries.jpg?width=300.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q103142.
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- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q332154.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q388209.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q39094.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q39111.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q417619.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q41861.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q421700.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q456026.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q4797547.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q575890.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q596579.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q6823194.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q7061790.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q729213.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q7365.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q8047.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q82642.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q9655.
- Q501908 wikiPageWikiLink Q988343.
- Q501908 latin "arteriola".
- Q501908 name "Arteriole".
- Q501908 type AnatomicalStructure.
- Q501908 type Artery.
- Q501908 type Thing.
- Q501908 type Q4936952.
- Q501908 comment "An arteriole /ɑːrˈtɪəri.oʊl/ is a small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries.".
- Q501908 label "Arteriole".
- Q501908 depiction Capillaries.jpg.
- Q501908 name "Arteriole".
- Q501908 name "arteriola".