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- Q3529346 subject Q8431759.
- Q3529346 subject Q8695660.
- Q3529346 abstract "Tirapazamine (SR-4233) is an experimental anticancer drug that is activated to a toxic radical only at very low levels of oxygen (hypoxia). Such levels are common in human solid tumors, a phenomenon known as tumor hypoxia. Thus, tirapazamine is activated to its toxic form preferentially in the hypoxic areas of solid tumors. Cells in these regions are resistant to killing by radiotherapy and most anticancer drugs. Thus the combination of tirapazamine with conventional anticancer treatments is particularly effective. As of 2006, tirapazamine is undergoing phase III testing in patients with head and neck cancer and gynecological cancer, and similar trials are being undertaken for other solid tumor types.Chemically it is an aromatic heterocycle di-N-oxide. Its full chemical name is 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4 dioxide. Originally it was prepared in a programme screening for new herbicides in 1972. Its clinical use was first described by Zeman et al. in 1986. While tirapazamine has had only limited effectiveness in clinical trials, it has been used as a lead compound to develop a number of newer compounds with improved anti-cancer properties.An update of a Phase III trial (Tirapazamine, cisplatin, and radiation versus cisplatin and radiation for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (TROG 02.02, HeadSTART): a phase III trial of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group) found no evidence that the addition of TPZ to chemoradiotherapy, in patients with advanced head and neck cancer not selected for the presence of hypoxia, improved overall survival.Two possible molecular mechanisms of TPZ, for generating reactive oxygen species which causes DNA strand break, have been considered widely. In hypoxia, under bioreductive condition, it has been observed that TPZ primarily produces hydroxyl or and benzotriazinyl radicals as the DNA damaging reactive species.A new clinical phase I trial of Tirapazamine combined with embolization in liver cancer has been received in June, 2014. This study will help to optimize the safe tollerable dose of TPZ, when it is administered with embolization in liver cancer. Treatment of solid tumors is compliated by the fact that these are often poorly provided with blood vessels, thus limiting their exposure to cytotoxic agents. Attempts have, however, been made to take advantage of the resulting hypoxic environment by designing drugs that are nonreactive until they are reduced to reactive species in oxygen-deficient tissues. This, it is hoped, will lead to enhanced selectivity. The azaquinoxaline dioxide function on the antineoplastic agent tirapazamine, for example, has been shown to give reactive nitroxide radicals on reduction.".
- Q3529346 atcPrefix "none".
- Q3529346 casNumber "27314-97-2".
- Q3529346 chEBI "78887".
- Q3529346 fdaUniiCode "1UD32YR59G".
- Q3529346 iupacName "4-hydroxy-1-oxido-1,2,4-benzotriazin-1-ium-3-imine".
- Q3529346 pubchem "33776".
- Q3529346 thumbnail Tirapazamine.png?width=300.
- Q3529346 wikiPageWikiLink Q105688.
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- Q3529346 wikiPageWikiLink Q7852677.
- Q3529346 wikiPageWikiLink Q8431759.
- Q3529346 wikiPageWikiLink Q8695660.
- Q3529346 wikiPageWikiLink Q903238.
- Q3529346 wikiPageWikiLink Q974135.
- Q3529346 atcPrefix "none".
- Q3529346 casNumber "27314".
- Q3529346 chebi "78887".
- Q3529346 iupacName "4".
- Q3529346 pubchem "33776".
- Q3529346 unii "1".
- Q3529346 type ChemicalSubstance.
- Q3529346 type Drug.
- Q3529346 type ChemicalObject.
- Q3529346 type Thing.
- Q3529346 type Q8386.
- Q3529346 comment "Tirapazamine (SR-4233) is an experimental anticancer drug that is activated to a toxic radical only at very low levels of oxygen (hypoxia). Such levels are common in human solid tumors, a phenomenon known as tumor hypoxia. Thus, tirapazamine is activated to its toxic form preferentially in the hypoxic areas of solid tumors. Cells in these regions are resistant to killing by radiotherapy and most anticancer drugs.".
- Q3529346 label "Tirapazamine".
- Q3529346 depiction Tirapazamine.png.