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- Q3291100 subject Q6954751.
- Q3291100 subject Q7062173.
- Q3291100 subject Q8253012.
- Q3291100 subject Q8571254.
- Q3291100 abstract "Maria de Fonseca was the great wife of Msiri, the powerful warrior-king of Katanga, at the time when the Stairs Expedition arrived in 1891 to take possession of the territory for the Belgian King Leopold II, with or without Msiri's consent.Msiri typically cemented alliances with trading partners by marriage. Maria was the daughter of mixed Portuguese-African parents from Angola, and was also the sister of Coimbra, the first trader to supply him with gunpowder from the west coast, the key to Msiri's power.In 1891, Maria was about forty-five years old and Msiri, about sixty, and had been ruler of Katanga for thirty years. When treaty negotiations with Msiri reached stalemate, Christian de Bonchamps, third officer of the expedition, proposed capturing Msiri and holding him hostage. Msiri typically had 300 armed warriors at his stockade, but de Bonchamps had discovered that every night, he would leave with just a handful of guards to visit Maria at her compound nearly a kilometre away.Captain Stairs rejected the idea of the ambush in favour of an ultimatum, and this led to a confrontation in which Captain Omer Bodson shot Msiri dead, and was himself fatally shot. Maria and Coimbra appear to have come to terms with this development, and took part in talks with Stairs on the acceptance by Msiri's successor of Leopold's sovereignty over Katanga. Coimbra returned to Angola but Maria remained in Katanga as she enjoyed her position at the king's court.According to the history of the Mwami Mwenda chieftainship which succeeded Msiri, Maria had 'betrayed Msiri to the Belgians' and so his adopted son and successor Mukanda-Bantu beheaded Maria with a machete while standing behind her and shouting to the crowd "I am Mukanda-Bantu, the one who walks over his foes".".
- Q3291100 thumbnail Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg?width=300.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q1073256.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q12967.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q1457609.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q188689.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q217242.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q31.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q3568667.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q5110318.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q5156823.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q6954751.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q7062173.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q7090092.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q7597103.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q8253012.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q8571254.
- Q3291100 wikiPageWikiLink Q916.
- Q3291100 comment "Maria de Fonseca was the great wife of Msiri, the powerful warrior-king of Katanga, at the time when the Stairs Expedition arrived in 1891 to take possession of the territory for the Belgian King Leopold II, with or without Msiri's consent.Msiri typically cemented alliances with trading partners by marriage.".
- Q3291100 label "Maria de Fonseca".
- Q3291100 depiction Maria_de_Fonseca.jpg.