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- Q3181002 subject Q5626902.
- Q3181002 subject Q6645808.
- Q3181002 subject Q6967344.
- Q3181002 subject Q7040443.
- Q3181002 subject Q8314811.
- Q3181002 abstract "John Barraclough Fell (1815 – 18 October 1902), was a British railway engineer and inventor of the Fell mountain railway system.Fell spent the early part of his life in London, living with his parents. About 1835 he moved with them to the Lake District. In 1840, he married a 25-year-old woman named Martha in Kirkstall, England. In this area he worked on the first of several railways he would help construct: the Furness and Whitehaven Railway.He continued working professionally on railways while living in Italy in the 1850s. Fell helped construct several early Italian lines, including the Central of Italy, the Meremma, and the Genoa and Voltre. He frequently crossed Mont Cenis, between Italy and France by road, and this reportedly inspired him to create his Fell Centre-Rail System.The Fell Centre-Rail System tackled the problem of trains climbing and descending steep grades, which was often necessary until improvements in tunneling were developed. In Fell's system, a third rail was run between the two rails of the train tracks, and was gripped on its sides by additional drive wheels on a specially designed locomotive as well as the brake pads of a special brake van. Back in England, a patent was issued to Fell for the idea in 1863. Fell conducted experiments with his idea in 1864-65 on the Whaley Bridge Incline of the Cromford and High Peak Railway located in Derbyshire.The tests attracted attention of the governments of Britain and France, and the first railway using the Fell Centre-Rail System was a temporary one built in 1866-67 over the Mont Cenis Pass, the same Mont Cenis that had served as Fell's inspiration. This railway, was used from 1868 to 1871, primarily to transport English mail to India as part of the All Red Route. It was replaced by the then in progress Mont Cenis Tunnel after only three years because improvements in tunneling shorted construction time of the 13.6 kilometer tunnel.Its worth proven in practice, some other railways subsequently used the Fell system, including the Estrada de Ferro Cantagalo (Cantagalo Railway) in Brazil, and the Rimutaka, Roa, and Rewanui Inclines belonging to various railways in New Zealand. Many of the railways used the system for many years, sometimes only for braking. The Snaefell Mountain Railway on the Isle of Man still uses the Fell system for braking.Fell also experimented with other kinds of railroads, including early light rail systems and rapid construction field railways for the British War Office. His son, G. Noble Fell, helped him with some of his research.John Fell related in his later years his three greatest achievements: launching the first steamer on the English Lakes starting the first railway in Italy carrying the first railway over the AlpsThe controversial academic Dr. Barry Fell was a grandson.".
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q1140854.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q1286.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q13411496.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q1456614.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q17144600.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q1763072.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q2060703.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q211778.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q23098.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q3250739.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q4728306.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q537800.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q5401745.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q5626902.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q584374.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q6645808.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q668.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q6967344.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q7040443.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q7334525.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q809031.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q8314811.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q950823.
- Q3181002 wikiPageWikiLink Q9676.
- Q3181002 type Thing.
- Q3181002 comment "John Barraclough Fell (1815 – 18 October 1902), was a British railway engineer and inventor of the Fell mountain railway system.Fell spent the early part of his life in London, living with his parents. About 1835 he moved with them to the Lake District. In 1840, he married a 25-year-old woman named Martha in Kirkstall, England.".
- Q3181002 label "John Barraclough Fell".