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- Q3003004 subject Q5601738.
- Q3003004 abstract "The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of minimal conditions necessary to provide adequate evidence of a causal relationship between an incidence and a possible consequence, established by the English epidemiologist Sir Austin Bradford Hill (1897–1991) in 1965.The list of the criteria is as follows: Strength (effect size): A small association does not mean that there is not a causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely that it is causal. Consistency (reproducibility): Consistent findings observed by different persons in different places with different samples strengthens the likelihood of an effect. Specificity: Causation is likely if there is a very specific population at a specific site and disease with no other likely explanation. The more specific an association between a factor and an effect is, the bigger the probability of a causal relationship. Temporality: The effect has to occur after the cause (and if there is an expected delay between the cause and expected effect, then the effect must occur after that delay). Biological gradient: Greater exposure should generally lead to greater incidence of the effect. However, in some cases, the mere presence of the factor can trigger the effect. In other cases, an inverse proportion is observed: greater exposure leads to lower incidence. Plausibility: A plausible mechanism between cause and effect is helpful (but Hill noted that knowledge of the mechanism is limited by current knowledge). Coherence: Coherence between epidemiological and laboratory findings increases the likelihood of an effect. However, Hill noted that "... lack of such [laboratory] evidence cannot nullify the epidemiological effect on associations". Experiment: "Occasionally it is possible to appeal to experimental evidence". Analogy: The effect of similar factors may be considered.↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8".
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q1125472.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q1287978.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q133805.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q1425625.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q1783264.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q179289.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q1814351.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q189603.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q19047.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q21.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q2630107.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q34749.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q484284.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q4915013.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q5054566.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q5601738.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q691640.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q710677.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q742736.
- Q3003004 wikiPageWikiLink Q843601.
- Q3003004 comment "The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of minimal conditions necessary to provide adequate evidence of a causal relationship between an incidence and a possible consequence, established by the English epidemiologist Sir Austin Bradford Hill (1897–1991) in 1965.The list of the criteria is as follows: Strength (effect size): A small association does not mean that there is not a causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely that it is causal. ".
- Q3003004 label "Bradford Hill criteria".