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- Q18206099 subject Q7214258.
- Q18206099 subject Q8897895.
- Q18206099 abstract "The National Television System Committee, NTSC, standard was the analog television system that was used in most of the Americas from 1941 until the mandatory cutover to ATSC in 2009. However, low-power TV stations are still permitted to operate with NTSC, for now, but many have since converted to ATSC.The Second NTSC Standard (525/30, 1941 and later) anticipated that the extant monochrome TV system would eventually incorporate a provision for monochrome-compatible color television. The First NTSC Standard (441/30, pre-1941) had no such expectation, as even the extant motion picture 3-color system, "Three-Strip" Technicolor, was then only five years old. The Second NTSC Standard, as revised for color, sometimes called EIA RS-170a, was operational in North America and elsewhere from 1953 until this standard was replaced by ATSC in the early 21st century.Central to this revised standard was a mandate for an information stream, at the transmitter, and broadcast to TV sets (receivers), which was independent of whether the signal was monochrome (already in existence since 1941) or color (adopted in 1953).This significant mandate was satisfied by an encoding device which came to be known as a Colorplexer.Colorplexer (a portmanteau of "color" and "multiplexer") was the RCA trade name for its complex electronic device which encoded discrete red, green and blue 3-color images, as from a color camera, into a composite monochrome-compatible color information stream.In RCA's recommendation for monochrome-compatible color TV, generally called "NTSC color", each color TV source (as, from a CCU) incorporated its own colorplexer, thereby providing the remaining equipment, all of which was presumed to have originated as a monochrome equipment system, with a signal which could be managed (received, switched, transmitted, etcetera) as if the signal was not color at all, but was an ordinary composite monochrome signal.This was a strategic decision on RCA's part, and this "one Colorplexer per color source" concept became part of RCA's color TV equipment marketing recommendations. While it made each color source significantly more complicated, hence more expensive, it also obviated the need for major changes to a TV station's signal management system, and the cost of signal management (particularly for networks involving widely separated sources and destinations, such as RCA's wholly owned NBC-TV network) was seen as considerably higher in cost than the color signal sources themselves, as otherwise it would have had to be changed from a (composite) Y-only management system into a (component) R-, G- and B-management system (thereby effectively tripling the cost of color signal distribution).Using today's three-phase electrical system in an analogy, imposing an R-, G- and B-color TV signal management system on an existing monochrome TV signal management system would be analogous to requiring public power users to convert from three-phase to nine-phase electricity, an insurmountable cost penalty.The Second NTSC Standard did not specifically mandate RCA's "one Colorplexer per color source" recommendation, as long as the signal actually transmitted to the signal's end user was monochrome-compatible, and this could have been satisfied by an R, G and B signal management system, and a single Colorplexer at the transmitter, and this would have been adequate for small-market TV stations, particularly those with video sources which were co-located at the station's transmitter site. However, the obvious high cost of R-, G- and B-signal management within a large-market TV station, with separate studio and transmitter sites (sources and destinations separated by perhaps one to tens of miles), or particularly within a TV network, with geographically widely separated sources and destinations (sources and destinations separated by perhaps hundreds to thousands of miles), resulted in adoption of RCA's "one Colorplexer per color source" recommendation almost universally, and particularly after Ampex's introduction of color videotape in 1958 (which was never component color at all, but was always inherently composite color), and Ampex's (and, later, RCA's) color videotape systems became essential subsystems of multi-time-zone (national, or, indeed, international) network color TV distribution and transmission.Initially, the instability of the early Colorplexers caused many operational problems as no two Colorplexers were adjusted alike, and these had to be constantly "tweaked", as did the video sources themselves. Eventually, Colorplexer stability improved, as did the stability of the video sources, and NTSC color would go on to provide consistently good color, and it did so until 2009, nearly 56 years, a remarkable technological achievement, as, compared with "Three-Strip" Technicolor, perhaps the "exemplar" for color motion pictures, which lasted only 19 years (from 1936 to 1955).".
- Q18206099 wikiPageExternalLink RCA-77.pdf.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q1192335.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q185796.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q218038.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q2531577.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q261952.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q355293.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q4134329.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q4453309.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q637801.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q7214258.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q83913.
- Q18206099 wikiPageWikiLink Q8897895.
- Q18206099 comment "The National Television System Committee, NTSC, standard was the analog television system that was used in most of the Americas from 1941 until the mandatory cutover to ATSC in 2009. However, low-power TV stations are still permitted to operate with NTSC, for now, but many have since converted to ATSC.The Second NTSC Standard (525/30, 1941 and later) anticipated that the extant monochrome TV system would eventually incorporate a provision for monochrome-compatible color television.".
- Q18206099 label "Colorplexer".