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- Q17152690 subject Q7214227.
- Q17152690 subject Q7703775.
- Q17152690 abstract "Medium spiny neurons (MSNs), also known as spiny projection neurons, are a special type of GABA-ergic inhibitory cell representing 95% of neurons within the human striatum, a structure located in the basal ganglia. Medium spiny neurons have two primary phenotypes (i.e., characteristic types): D1-type MSNs of the "direct pathway" and D2-type MSNs of the "indirect pathway".Direct pathway MSNs excite their ultimate basal ganglia output structure (e.g., the thalamus) and promote associated behaviors; these neurons express D1-type dopamine receptors, adenosine A1 receptors, dynorphin peptides, and substance P peptides. Indirect pathway MSNs inhibit their output structure and in turn inhibit associated behaviors; these neurons express D2-type dopamine receptors, adenosine A2A receptors (A2A), DRD2–A2A heterotetramers, and enkephalin. Both types express glutamate receptors (NMDAR and AMPAR) and CB1 receptors. A subpopulation of MSNs contain both D1-type and D2-type receptors, with approximately 40% of striatal MSNs expressing both DRD1 and DRD2 mRNA. In the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), these mixed-type MSNs that contain both D1-type and D2-type receptors are mostly contained in the NAcc shell.The dorsal striatal MSNs play a key role in initiating and controlling movements of the body, limbs, and eyes. The ventral striatal MSNs play a key role in motivation, reward, reinforcement, and aversion. Dorsal and ventral medium spiny neuron subtypes (i.e., direct D1-type and indirect D2-type) are identical phenotypes, but their output connections differ.".
- Q17152690 thumbnail Z_MaxProjection_of_MediumSpinyNeurons_Gpr101Cre_dtTomato.jpg?width=300.
- Q17152690 wikiPageExternalLink books?id=75NgwLzueikC&printsec=frontcover&dq=neuroscience+exploring+the+brain.
- Q17152690 wikiPageExternalLink main?stype=lite&keyword=medium%20spiny&Submit=Go&event=display&start=1.
- Q17152690 wikiPageExternalLink File:3D_Projection_Gpr101_TomatoMSNsinCP.gif.
- Q17152690 wikiPageExternalLink search.php?q=Medium%20Spiny%20Neuron&t=data&s=cover&b=0&r=20.
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- Q17152690 wikiPageWikiLink Q7214227.
- Q17152690 wikiPageWikiLink Q753278.
- Q17152690 wikiPageWikiLink Q7703775.
- Q17152690 wikiPageWikiLink Q7920292.
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- Q17152690 comment "Medium spiny neurons (MSNs), also known as spiny projection neurons, are a special type of GABA-ergic inhibitory cell representing 95% of neurons within the human striatum, a structure located in the basal ganglia.".
- Q17152690 label "Medium spiny neuron".
- Q17152690 depiction Z_MaxProjection_of_MediumSpinyNeurons_Gpr101Cre_dtTomato.jpg.