Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q16821007> ?p ?o }
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- Q16821007 abstract "The Kanalkampf ("Channel Battle") was the German name given to a series of air battles between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force (RAF) over the English Channel which marked the beginning of the Battle of Britain in July 1940, during the early phases of the Second World War.By 22 June 1940 the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Rather than come to terms with Germany, Britain rejected all overtures for a negotiated peace, and Luftwaffe attacks on shipping and ports began in accordance with instructions which Adolf Hitler had issued to the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) in Directives Nos. 9 and 13 ordering an air and sea blockade of the United Kingdom.During the Kanalkampf , Hitler issued Directive No. 16 ordering the invasion of southern Britain. The invasion of the United Kingdom was codenamed Operation Sea Lion (Unternehmen Seelöwe). Before it could be carried out, German air superiority or air supremacy was required over southern England. The Luftwaffe was to destroy the RAF if possible and assume command of the skies in order to prevent the Royal Navy's Home Fleet from intercepting a landing by sea.In June and July 1940 the Germans were engaged in an enormous logistical effort, moving two entire Luftflotten (Air Fleets) into airfields in France and Belgium along with all their administrative, manpower and material resources. Unable to begin operations against the island of Great Britain immediately, the Luftwaffe began a series of military operations against British merchant convoys and shipping passing through the English Channel from the Atlantic on their way to ports in eastern England. German operations were designed to help cut off British shipping communications in the south, to force the Royal Navy out of the Channel, and to encourage the RAF to battle as a prelude to the main effort in August.The attacks against the Channel convoys are considered to be the start of the Battle of Britain. There is some dispute in the historiography among historians concerning the dates for the beginning and end of the Battle of Britain. The British histories of the battle generally hold 10 July as the official start date. However, writers and historians in Germany and Britain acknowledge that large-scale air battles were fought over the Channel in between the Battle of France and Britain. Deliberate attacks against British coastal targets and convoys began on 4 July. Throughout the Kanalkampf operations, the Luftwaffe was supported, albeit minimally, by the E-Boats of the Kriegsmarine (German navy).Fighter Command could not protect the convoys adequately and German attacks inflicted heavy casualties on British shipping at considerable cost to the RAF. Vessels from neutral countries were also sunk or damaged. The Royal Navy was forced to order a cessation of large convoys in Channel waters and the closing of those sea lanes to all major sea-going vessels until late summer 1940, when the emphasis of German strategy switched to the British mainland and RAF-related targets. Both sides suffered heavy casualties in the Kanalkampf. The battles did draw out Fighter Command as planned, but the Germans failed to cripple it and British air defences remained a formidable obstacle for the Luftwaffe in the coming campaign.".
- Q16821007 causalties "115fightersdestroyed".
- Q16821007 causalties "19 pilots wounded in action".
- Q16821007 causalties "35 transport ships sunk".
- Q16821007 causalties "4 destroyers".
- Q16821007 causalties "4 pilotsmissing in actionref|45 Spitfires destroyed20 Spitfires severely damaged4 Spitfires lightly damaged64 Hurricanes destroyed12 Hurricanes severely damaged6 Hurricanes lightly damaged6 Defiants destroyed10 crewmen killed2 wounded|group=N".
- Q16821007 causalties "42 fighters damaged".
- Q16821007 causalties "7 fishing vessels".
- Q16821007 causalties "71 pilotskilled in action".
- Q16821007 causalties "RAF:".
- Q16821007 causalties "Royal Navy:".
- Q16821007 causalties "a number of naval vessels".
- Q16821007 causalties "at least 176 sailors killed".
- Q16821007 causalties "losses include some neutral ships".
- Q16821007 causalties "~300 casualties in total".
- Q16821007 combatant "Allied naval:".
- Q16821007 combatant "Belgium".
- Q16821007 combatant "Canada".
- Q16821007 combatant "Germany".
- Q16821007 combatant "Netherlands".
- Q16821007 combatant "Norway".
- Q16821007 combatant "Poland".
- Q16821007 combatant "United Kingdom".
- Q16821007 commander Q263128.
- Q16821007 commander Q47906.
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- Q16821007 commander Q57134.
- Q16821007 commander Q57177.
- Q16821007 commander Q58651.
- Q16821007 commander Q65562.
- Q16821007 commander Q963245.
- Q16821007 date "1940-08-11".
- Q16821007 isPartOfMilitaryConflict Q154720.
- Q16821007 place Q21.
- Q16821007 place Q34640.
- Q16821007 result "Limited German victory".
- Q16821007 thumbnail Convoy14july1940.jpg?width=300.
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