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- Q1550257 subject Q14331194.
- Q1550257 subject Q7215473.
- Q1550257 subject Q7216147.
- Q1550257 subject Q8543061.
- Q1550257 abstract "The Widal test, developed in 1896 and named after Georges-Fernand Widal, who introduced it, is a presumptive serological test for enteric fever or undulant fever whereby bacteria causing typhoid fever are mixed with a serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual. In cases of Salmonella infection, it is a demonstration of the presence of O-soma false-positive result. Test results need to be interpreted carefully to account for any history of enteric fever, typhoid vaccination, and the general level of antibodies in the populations in endemic areas of the world. Typhidot is the other test used to ascertain the diagnosis of typhoid fever. As with all serological tests, the rise in antibody levels needed to perform the diagnosis takes 7–14 days, which limits its applicability in early diagnosis. Other means of diagnosing Salmonella typhi (and paratyphi) include cultures of blood, urine and faeces. These organisms produce H2S from thiosulfate and can be identified easily on differential media such as Bismuth sulfite agar. 2-mercaptoethanol is often added to the Widal test. This agent more easily denatures the IgM class of antibodies, so if a decrease in the titer is seen after using this agent, it means that the contribution of IgM has been removed leaving the IgG component. This differentiation of antibody classes is important as it allows for the distinction of a recent (IgM) from an old infection (IgG).The Widal test is positive if TO antigen titer is more than 1:160 in an active infection, or if TH antigen titer is more than 1:160 in past infection or in immunized persons. A single Widal test is of little clinical relevance due to the high number of cross-reacting infections, including malaria. If no other tests (either bacteriologic culture or more specific serology) are available, a fourfold increase in the titer (e.g., from 1:40 to 1:640) in the course of the infection, or a conversion from an IgM reaction to an IgG reaction of at least the same titer, would be consistent with a typhoid infection.A new serological test called the Tubex test is not superior to the Widal test, and even the Widal test gives better performance results, so the Tubex test is not recommended for diagnosis of typhoid fever.".
- Q1550257 thumbnail Widal_Test_Slide.jpg?width=300.
- Q1550257 wikiPageExternalLink 80.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q1406552.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q14331194.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q150839.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q156050.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q1672600.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q1940759.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q21600865.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q2166189.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q411084.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q4918356.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q496.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q502159.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q7215473.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q7216147.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q7860976.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q79448.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q79451.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q79460.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q83319.
- Q1550257 wikiPageWikiLink Q8543061.
- Q1550257 comment "The Widal test, developed in 1896 and named after Georges-Fernand Widal, who introduced it, is a presumptive serological test for enteric fever or undulant fever whereby bacteria causing typhoid fever are mixed with a serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual. In cases of Salmonella infection, it is a demonstration of the presence of O-soma false-positive result.".
- Q1550257 label "Widal test".
- Q1550257 depiction Widal_Test_Slide.jpg.