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- Q1513527 subject Q6614307.
- Q1513527 subject Q7145932.
- Q1513527 subject Q7153658.
- Q1513527 subject Q8376753.
- Q1513527 abstract "Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates or other structures in the dermal layers of the skin. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls, various groups of dinosaurs (most notably ankylosaurs and stegosaurians), phytosaurs, aetosaurs, placodonts, and hupehsuchians (marine reptiles with possible ichthyosaur affinities). Osteoderms are uncommon in mammals, but do occur in many xenarthrans (glyptodonts, armadillos, ground sloths). Osteoderms have clearly evolved independently in many different lineages, and these varied structures should be thought of as anatomical analogues, not homologues, and do not necessarily indicate monophyly. In many cases osteoderms may function as defensive armor.The osteoderms of modern crocodylians are heavily vascularized, and can function as both armor and as heat-exchangers, allowing these large reptiles to rapidly raise or lower their temperature. Another function is to neutralize acidosis, caused by being submerged under water for longer periods of time and leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. The calcium and magnesium in the dermal bone will release alkaline ions into the bloodstream, acting as a buffer against acidification of the body fluid.".
- Q1513527 thumbnail Gila_fg01.jpg?width=300.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q1074.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q10811.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q10908.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q123509.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q131343.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q131447.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q131484.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q131967.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q132641.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q132828.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q15879.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q173612.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q185089.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q1898509.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q194515.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q20724864.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q210958.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q224180.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q2365510.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q25363.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q273617.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q377804.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q430.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q47867.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q505531.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q53636.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q6322971.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q6614307.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q7145932.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q7153658.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q7377.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q8376753.
- Q1513527 wikiPageWikiLink Q933583.
- Q1513527 comment "Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates or other structures in the dermal layers of the skin. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls, various groups of dinosaurs (most notably ankylosaurs and stegosaurians), phytosaurs, aetosaurs, placodonts, and hupehsuchians (marine reptiles with possible ichthyosaur affinities).".
- Q1513527 label "Osteoderm".
- Q1513527 depiction Gila_fg01.jpg.