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- Q1420402 subject Q7403984.
- Q1420402 subject Q7703617.
- Q1420402 subject Q8552016.
- Q1420402 abstract "Incretins are a group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels. Incretins do so by causing an increase in the amount of insulin released from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans after eating, before blood glucose levels become elevated. They also slow the rate of absorption of nutrients into the blood stream by reducing gastric emptying and may directly reduce food intake. They also inhibit glucagon release from the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. The two main candidate molecules that fulfill criteria for an incretin are the intestinal peptides glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (also known as: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide or GIP). Both GLP-1 and GIP are rapidly inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4); both GLP-1 and GIP are members of the glucagon peptide superfamily."Many factors stimulate insulin secretion, but the main one is blood glucose. Incretins, especially GIP and GLP-1 secreted, respectively, by K and L cells in the gut are also important", (Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (2015)).GLP-1 (7-36) amide is not very useful for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, since it must be administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion. Several long-lasting analogs having insulinotropic activity have been developed, and three, exenatide (Byetta) and liraglutide (Victoza), plus exenatide extended-release (Bydureon), have been approved for use in the U.S. The main disadvantage of these GLP-1 analogs is they must be administered by subcutaneous injection.Another approach is to inhibit the enzyme that inactivates GLP-1 and GIP, DPP-4. Several DPP-4 inhibitors that can be taken orally as tablets have been developed.".
- Q1420402 thumbnail Incretins_and_DPP_4_inhibitors.svg?width=300.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q1057.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q11364.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q14820612.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q14821391.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q14904803.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q172847.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q1767180.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q206948.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q21011228.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q21163221.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q2526479.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q275157.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q2995031.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q3025883.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q417762.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q419770.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q419977.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q424611.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q4712362.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q5572286.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q6659956.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q7248360.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q728309.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q7403984.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q7703617.
- Q1420402 wikiPageWikiLink Q8552016.
- Q1420402 comment "Incretins are a group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels. Incretins do so by causing an increase in the amount of insulin released from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans after eating, before blood glucose levels become elevated. They also slow the rate of absorption of nutrients into the blood stream by reducing gastric emptying and may directly reduce food intake.".
- Q1420402 label "Incretin".
- Q1420402 depiction Incretins_and_DPP_4_inhibitors.svg.