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- Q1208241 subject Q8839419.
- Q1208241 abstract "In cryptography, the avalanche effect refers to a desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. The avalanche effect is evident if, when an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit) the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip). In the case of high-quality block ciphers, such a small change in either the key or the plaintext should cause a drastic change in the ciphertext. The actual term was first used by Horst Feistel, although the concept dates back to at least Shannon's diffusion.If a block cipher or cryptographic hash function does not exhibit the avalanche effect to a significant degree, then it has poor randomization, and thus a cryptanalyst can make predictions about the input, being given only the output. This may be sufficient to partially or completely break the algorithm. Thus, the avalanche effect is a desirable condition from the point of view of the designer of the cryptographic algorithm or device.Constructing a cipher or hash to exhibit a substantial avalanche effect is one of the primary design objectives. This is why most block ciphers are product ciphers. It is also why hash functions have large data blocks. Both of these features allow small changes to propagate rapidly through iterations of the algorithm, such that every bit of the output should depend on every bit of the input before the algorithm terminates.".
- Q1208241 thumbnail Avalanche_effect.svg?width=300.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q1053352.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q1162538.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q1224520.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q1589480.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q187536.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q471771.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q477202.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q4890350.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q5156541.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q5359789.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q543151.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q62164.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q8366.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q8789.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q8805.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q8839419.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q897511.
- Q1208241 wikiPageWikiLink Q92760.
- Q1208241 comment "In cryptography, the avalanche effect refers to a desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. The avalanche effect is evident if, when an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit) the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip). In the case of high-quality block ciphers, such a small change in either the key or the plaintext should cause a drastic change in the ciphertext.".
- Q1208241 label "Avalanche effect".
- Q1208241 depiction Avalanche_effect.svg.