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- Q1050169 subject Q8398536.
- Q1050169 abstract "Responsibility system (also contract responsibility system or household responsibility system; simplified Chinese: 家庭联产承包责任制; traditional Chinese: 家庭聯產承包責任制; pinyin: Jiātíng liánchǎn chéngbāo zérènzhì) was a practice in China, first adopted in agriculture in 1979 and later extended to other sectors of the economy, by which local managers are held responsible for the profits and losses of an enterprise. This system partially supplanted the egalitarian distribution method, whereby the state assumed all profits and losses.In traditional Maoist organization of the rural economy and that of other collectivised programs, farmers were given by the government a quota of goods to produce. They received compensation for meeting the quota. Going beyond the quota rarely produced a sizeable economic reward. In the early 1980s peasants were given drastically reduced quotas. What food they grew beyond the quota was sold in the free market at unregulated prices. This system became an instant success, quickly causing one of the largest increases in standard-of-living for such a large number of people in such a short time. This system maintained quotas, and thus the element of socialist societies termed in China the "iron rice-bowl" (in which the state ensured food and employment).".
- Q1050169 wikiPageExternalLink cntoc.html.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q11451.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q1393258.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q148.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q167651.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q16977.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q175850.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q188958.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q19770.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q209380.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q40956.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q74279.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q7830259.
- Q1050169 wikiPageWikiLink Q8398536.
- Q1050169 comment "Responsibility system (also contract responsibility system or household responsibility system; simplified Chinese: 家庭联产承包责任制; traditional Chinese: 家庭聯產承包責任制; pinyin: Jiātíng liánchǎn chéngbāo zérènzhì) was a practice in China, first adopted in agriculture in 1979 and later extended to other sectors of the economy, by which local managers are held responsible for the profits and losses of an enterprise.".
- Q1050169 label "Household-responsibility system".