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- Younger_Dryas abstract "The Younger Dryas, from c. 12,900 to c. 11,700 calendar years ago (BP), was a sharp decline in temperature over most of the northern hemisphere, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, immediately preceding the current warmer Holocene. It was the most recent and longest of several interruptions to the gradual warming of the Earth's climate since the severe Last Glacial Maximum, c. 27,000 to 24,000 calendar years BP. The change was relatively sudden, taking place in decades, and resulted in a decline of 2 to 6 degrees Celsius, advances of glaciers and drier conditions, over much of the temperate northern hemisphere. It is thought to have been caused by a decline in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which transports warm water from the equator towards the North Pole, and which in turn is thought to have been caused by an influx of fresh cold water from North America into the Atlantic. The Younger Dryas was a period of climatic change, but the effects were complex and variable. In the southern hemisphere, and some areas of the north such as the south-eastern United States, there was a slight warming.The presence of a distinct cold period at the end of the Late Glacial interval has been known for a long time. Paleobotanical and lithostratigraphic studies of Swedish and Danish bog and lake sites, e.g. the Allerød clay pit in Denmark, first recognized and described the Younger Dryas. The Younger Dryas is named after an indicator genus, the alpine-tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala. Leaves of Dryas octopetala are occasionally abundant in the Late Glacial, often minerogenic-rich, lake sediments of Scandinavian lakes.The Younger Dryas is the youngest and longest of three stadials that resulted from typically abrupt climatic changes that took place over the last 16,000 calendar years. Within the Byltt-Sernander classification of north European climatic phases, the prefix ‘Younger’ refers to the recognition that this original ‘Dryas’ period was preceded by a warmer stage, the Allerød oscillation, which in turn was preceded by the Older Dryas around 14,000 calendar years BP. This is not securely dated, and estimates vary by 400 years, but it is generally accepted that it lasted around 200 years. In northern Scotland the glaciers were thicker and more extensive than during the Younger Dryas. The Older Dryas, in turn, is preceded by another warmer stage, the Bølling oscillation that separates it from a third and even older stadial. This stadial is often, but not always, known as the Oldest Dryas. The Oldest Dryas, occurred approximately 1,770 calendar years before the Younger Dryas and lasted about 400 calendar years. According to the GISP2 ice core from Greenland, the Oldest Dryas occurred between about 15,070 and 14,670 calendar years BP.In Ireland, the Younger Dryas has also been known as the Nahanagan Stadial, while in the United Kingdom it has been called the Loch Lomond Stadial. In the Greenland Summit ice core chronology, the Younger Dryas corresponds to Greenland Stadial 1 (GS-1). The preceding Allerød warm period (interstadial) is subdivided into three events: Greenland Interstadial-1c to 1a (GI-1c to GI-1a).".
- Younger_Dryas thumbnail YoungDryas.png?width=300.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageExternalLink Broecker99.html.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageExternalLink currents.html.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageExternalLink 1998AtlanticClimate.htm.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageExternalLink Tarasov%20and%20Peltier%202005.pdf.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageExternalLink Tarasov%20and%20Peltier%202005.pdf.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageID "54957".
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageLength "47265".
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageOutDegree "151".
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageRevisionID "702952557".
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink 8.2_kiloyear_event.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Abrupt_climate_change.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Agriculture.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Alkenone.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Allerød_Municipality.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Allerød_oscillation.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Alpine_climate.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Andes.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Antarctic_Cold_Reversal.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Antarctica.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Argon.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Asia.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_Ocean.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Atmosphere_of_Earth.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Beetle.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Before_Present.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Blytt–Sernander_system.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Bolide.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Bolivia.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Bond_event.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Bonn.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Bølling_oscillation.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Caldera.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Calibration_of_radiocarbon_dates.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Cariaco_Basin.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Carrying_capacity.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:8th_millennium_BC.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Blytt–Sernander_system.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Climate.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Climate_history.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ice_ages.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nordic_Stone_Age.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Palynology.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Pleistocene.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Category:Stone_Age_Europe.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Cave.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Clay.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Clovis_culture.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Coral_reef.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Core_sample.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Dendrochronology.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Denmark.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Desert.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Dryas_(plant).
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Dryas_octopetala.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Eifel.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Epoch_(geology).
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Fauna.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Fifty_Degrees_Below.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Genus.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Glacial_period.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Glacier.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Greenland.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Heinrich_event.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Holocene.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Huelmo–Mascardi_Cold_Reversal.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Ice.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Ice_core.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Isotope.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink John_Christopher.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Kim_Stanley_Robinson.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Koblenz.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Krakenes_Lake.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Laacher_See.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Lake_Agassiz.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Last_Glacial_Maximum.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Levant.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Lipid.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Little_Ice_Age.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Loess.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Maar.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Medieval_Warm_Period.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Meltwater_pulse_1A.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Meltwater_pulse_1B.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Natufian_culture.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Neoglaciation.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Neolithic_Revolution.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink New_Zealand.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Nitrogen.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink North_America.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Northern_Europe.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Northern_Hemisphere.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Norway.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Oak.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Oceania.
- Younger_Dryas wikiPageWikiLink Older_Dryas.