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- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar abstract "The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar was fought between September 1704 and May 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession. It followed the capture in August 1704 of the fortified town of Gibraltar, at the southern tip of Spain, by an Anglo–Dutch naval force led by Sir George Rooke and Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt. The members of the Grand Alliance, Holy Roman Empire, England, the Netherlands, Pro-Habsburg Spain, Portugal and the Savoy, had allied to prevent the unification of the French and Spanish thrones by supporting the claim of the Habsburg pretender Archduke Charles VI of Austria as Charles III of Spain. They were opposed by the rival claimant, the Bourbon Philip, Duke of Anjou, ruling as Philip V of Spain, and his patron and ally, Louis XIV of France. The war began in northern Europe and was largely contained there until 1703, when Portugal joined the confederate powers. From then, English naval attentions were focused on mounting a campaign in the Mediterranean to distract the French navy and disrupt French and Bourbon Spanish shipping or capture a port for use as a naval base. The capture of Gibraltar was the outcome of that initial stage of the Mediterranean campaign.At the start of the siege, Gibraltar was garrisoned by around 2,000 Dutch, English, Austrian and pro-Habsburg Spanish troops facing a besieging force of up to 8,000 French, pro-Bourbon Spanish and Irish troops. The defenders were able to hold off the numerically superior besieging force through exploiting Gibraltar's geography and the small town's fortifications, though they were frequently short of manpower and ammunition. The besiegers were undermined by disputes between the French and Spanish officers and terrible conditions in their trenches and bastions, which led to outbreaks of epidemic disease and undermined morale. Sea power proved crucial, as the French navy sought unsuccessfully to prevent the Grand Alliance shipping in fresh troops, ammunition and food. Three naval battles were fought during the siege, two of which were clear defeats for the French and the last of which resulted in the siege being abandoned as hopeless after nine months of fruitless shelling. The outcome was disastrous for the French and Bourbon Spanish side, which was said to have lost 10,000 men against only 400 for the Grand Alliance.".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar causalties "10,000 (mainly from disease and desertion)".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar combatant "23pxPro-Habsburg Spain".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar combatant "Bourbon forces:".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar combatant "Grand Alliance:".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar combatant "Pro-BourbonSpain".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar commander Francisco_Castillo_Fajardo,_Marquis_of_Villadarias.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar commander John_Leake.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar commander Prince_George_of_Hesse-Darmstadt.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar commander René_de_Froulay_de_Tessé.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar isPartOfMilitaryConflict War_of_the_Spanish_Succession.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar place Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar result "Grand Alliance retains control".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar thumbnail 1704_-_Louis_Boudan_-_Taking_of_Gibraltar.jpg?width=300.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageID "38678133".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageLength "30051".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageOutDegree "101".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageRevisionID "698531165".
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink 35th_(Royal_Sussex)_Regiment_of_Foot.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Andalusia.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Málaga_(1704).
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Bay_of_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Bernard_Desjean,_Baron_de_Pointis.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Campo_de_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Capture_of_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Carteia.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:1704_in_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:1705_in_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sieges_involving_England.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sieges_involving_France.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sieges_involving_Portugal.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sieges_involving_Spain.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sieges_involving_the_Dutch_Republic.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sieges_of_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Cádiz.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Savoy.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Dutch_Republic.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Forbes_Batteries.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Fortifications_of_Gibraltar.
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- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink George_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Torrington.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink George_Rooke.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Governor_of_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Battery,_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Great_Gibraltar_Sand_Dune.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Grenadier_Guards.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Nugent.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Hesses_Demi_Bastion.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Holy_Roman_Empire.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Bourbon.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink House_of_Habsburg.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Inundation,_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink John_Leake.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_England.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Landport_(Gibraltar).
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink List_of_isthmuses.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Louis_Boudan.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Louis_XIV_of_France.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Madrid.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Man-of-war.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Mediterranean_Sea.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Middle_Hill_Battery.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Miquelet_(militia).
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Moorish_Wall.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Morocco.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Málaga.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Netherlands.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink North_Bastion,_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink North_Mole,_Gibraltar_Harbour.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink OHaras_Battery.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Philip_V_of_Spain.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Port_of_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Portugal.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Prince_George_of_Hesse-Darmstadt.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Princess_Royals_Battery.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink René_de_Froulay_de_Tessé.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Rock_of_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Seville.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Ship_of_the_line.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Simón_Susarte.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Somerset_Light_Infantry.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Spain.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink St._Michaels_Cave.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Strait_of_Gibraltar.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Tétouan.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink War_of_the_Spanish_Succession.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink William_III_of_England.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Willis_Battery.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Willis_Magazine.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink Willis_Road.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink File:1704_-_Louis_Boudan_-_Taking_of_Gibraltar.jpg.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink File:Decorative_scenes_of_the_War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_-_Gibraltar,_1705.jpg.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink File:Estandarte_de_Carlos_III.svg.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink File:Georg-Hessen-Darmstadt.jpg.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink File:Gibraltar_eastside.jpg.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink File:Gibraltar_northern_approach_1567.jpg.
- Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar wikiPageWikiLink File:Le_maréchal_de_Tessé.JPG.