Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Touman> ?p ?o }
- Touman abstract "Touman (Turkish and Mongolian: Teoman or Tümen, whom we know about from Han-Dynasty histories, which based themselves on documents contemporary with him and write the name as Chinese 頭曼, this spelling Touman coming from the characters' Modern-Standard Mandarin pronunciation), or T'u-man, – was the earliest known Xiongnu chanyu (匈奴單于), reigning from c. 220 to 209 BCE. The name Touman is likely related to a word meaning '10,000, a myriad', which was widely borrowed between language-families in, most plausibly, the order indicated by the following representative list of its forms: Modern Persian (which includes the Tajik and Dari dialects of it) tōmān ~ tūmān, Mongolian tümen, Old Turkic tümän, East Tocharian tmāṃ, West Tocharian t(u)māne, which possibly even includes Old Chinese and later 萬, whose pronunciation is reconstructable as for instance an early Middle Chinese *muanʰ. Note however that our only certain evidence this number-word already existed around and before Touman's life-time would be the Chinese (if it indeed does belong on the list, rather than being an unrelated, similar-looking word); not until many centuries after he lived are the other languages with this word in them first attested. The city of Tumen in south west Siberia is named after him.By the time the Qin Dynasty conquered the other six states and began its reign over a unified China in 221 BCE, the nomadic Xiongnu had grown into a powerful invading force in the north and started expanding both east and west.At the time the Donghu (東胡) or 'Eastern Barbarians' were very powerful and the Yuezhi flourishing. Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, sent a 100,000-strong army headed by General Meng Tian to drive the Xiongnu northward for 1,000 li (about 416 km).\"Touman, unable to hold out against the Qin forces, had withdrawn to the far north, where he held out for over ten years.\"Some time after the death of Meng Tian in 210 BCE, the Xiongnu \"once again began to infiltrate south of the bend of the Yellow River until they had established themselves along the old border of China.\"Touman, wishing to favour a son of another consort, sent his eldest son, Modu (冒頓), as a hostage to the Yuezhi, and then made a sudden attack on them. The Yuezhi were about to kill Modu when he managed to steal a fast horse and escape back to the Xiongnu.Touman, impressed with his bravery, put him in command of a force of 10,000 horsemen. However, Modu trained his men well and, in 209 BCE, killed his father and, after killing his stepmother, younger brother, and the high officials who refused to take orders from him, established himself as Chanyu.With his new combined military force, Modu was able to establish the Xiongnu empire.A Han-Dynasty history, the Han shu (in its juan 94's \"upper\" section) recounts the end of Touman’s life in vivid language, as follows (literal English translation, to preserve flavor of original, then the Classical Chinese for the benefit of those who can appreciate that too).... The chanyu[, Touman,] had a son and heir, by name called Modu. Later, he had a beloved khanum, who gave birth to a young[er] son. Touman wanted, casting aside Modu, to install the young son [in the position]. He managed to send Modu as a hostage to the Yuezhi. Upon Modu having become a hostage, Touman quickly attacked the Yuezhi. The Yuezhi wanted to kill Modu. Modu stole their good horse(s), rode, went away, and returned home. Touman took it as strength and ordered that he have command of 10,000 riders. Modu managed to make whistling arrowheads and [with them] practiced constraining his riders to shoot. He gave an order, saying: \"Those who do not always shoot at something shot at by [an arrow with] a whistling arrowhead will be beheaded.\" He conducted hunting for [game-]animals. He had some not shooting at something the whistling arrowhead(s) [had] shot at, and he on the spot beheaded them. [That] being done, Modu with a whistling arrowhead shot at a good horse of his own. At [his] left and right, some did not at all dare to shoot. Modu straightaway beheaded them. [Next,] he waited, a while passed, [then,] again with a whistling arrowhead, he shot at his own beloved wife. At [his] left and right, he had some who were quite afraid and did not dare shoot, and he again beheaded them. A while passed. Modu went out hunting. With a whistling arrowhead, he shot at a good horse of [Touman,] the chanyu's. At [his] left and right, all shot at it. Modu thereupon knew that his left and right could be used [for the task]. He went along on a hunt of his father, the chanyu, Touman's, and with a whistling arrowhead shot at Touman. His left and right, all following the whistling arrowhead, shot at and killed Touman. They put to death both his stepmother and the younger brother and even some important retainers who did not obey and go along. Modu thereupon installed himself and became chanyu.單于有太子名曰冒頓後有愛閼氏生少子頭曼欲廢冒頓而立少子乃使冒頓質於月氏冒頓既質而頭曼急擊月氏月氏欲殺冒頓冒頓盜其善馬騎亡歸頭曼以為壯令將萬騎冒頓乃作鳴鏑習勒其騎射令曰鳴鏑所射而不悉射者斬行獵獸有不射鳴鏑所射輒斬之已而冒頓以鳴鏑自射善馬左右或莫敢射冒頓立斬之居頃之復以鳴鏑自射其愛妻左右或頗恐不敢射復斬之頃之冒頓出獵以鳴鏑射單于善馬左右皆射之於是冒頓知其左右可用從其父單于頭曼獵以鳴鏑射頭曼其左右皆隨鳴鏑而射殺頭曼盡誅其後母與弟及大臣不聽從者於是冒頓自立為單于".
- Touman activeYearsStartYear "0220".
- Touman successor Modu_Chanyu.
- Touman thumbnail Hsiung-nu-Empire.png?width=300.
- Touman title "Chanyu".
- Touman wikiPageExternalLink index.php?q=The_Xiong_Nu_Empire.
- Touman wikiPageExternalLink AComprehensivePersian-EnglishDictionary-FrancisJosephSteingass.
- Touman wikiPageExternalLink 1up.
- Touman wikiPageID "8816594".
- Touman wikiPageLength "8415".
- Touman wikiPageOutDegree "40".
- Touman wikiPageRevisionID "708277832".
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Ban_Gu.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Book_of_Han.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Burton_Watson.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chanyus.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Category:Xiongnu.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Chanyu.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Chinese_language.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Christopher_I._Beckwith.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Dari_language.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Donghu_people.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Francis_Joseph_Steingass.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Gerhard_Doerfer.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Han_dynasty.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Iranian_toman.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca).
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Mandarin_Chinese.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Meng_Tian.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Middle_Chinese.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Modu_Chanyu.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Mongolian_language.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Old_Chinese.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Old_Turkic_language.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Persian_language.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Qin_Shi_Huang.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Qins_campaign_against_the_Xiongnu.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Records_of_the_Grand_Historian.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Tajik_language.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Tocharian_languages.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Tumen_(unit).
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Turkish_language.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Xiongnu.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Yuezhi.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLink Zizhi_Tongjian.
- Touman wikiPageWikiLinkText "Touman".
- Touman caption "(Domain and influence of the Xiongnu.)".
- Touman name "Teoman".
- Touman reign "c. 220–209 BCE".
- Touman successor Modu_Chanyu.
- Touman title Chanyu.
- Touman title "Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire".
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_monarch.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Pp-protected.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:S-aft.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:S-bef.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:S-end.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:S-start.
- Touman wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:S-ttl.
- Touman years "220".
- Touman subject Category:Chanyus.
- Touman subject Category:Xiongnu.
- Touman type Agent.
- Touman type Group.
- Touman type Monarch.
- Touman type Person.
- Touman type Person.
- Touman type Group.
- Touman type People.
- Touman type Redirect.
- Touman type Agent.
- Touman type NaturalPerson.
- Touman type Thing.
- Touman type Q116.
- Touman type Q215627.
- Touman type Q5.
- Touman type Person.
- Touman comment "Touman (Turkish and Mongolian: Teoman or Tümen, whom we know about from Han-Dynasty histories, which based themselves on documents contemporary with him and write the name as Chinese 頭曼, this spelling Touman coming from the characters' Modern-Standard Mandarin pronunciation), or T'u-man, – was the earliest known Xiongnu chanyu (匈奴單于), reigning from c. 220 to 209 BCE.".
- Touman label "Touman".
- Touman sameAs Q719747.
- Touman sameAs Tuman.
- Touman sameAs Тоуман.
- Touman sameAs तूमन_चानयू.
- Touman sameAs 頭曼単于.
- Touman sameAs ტოუმანი.
- Touman sameAs 두만선우.
- Touman sameAs Түмэн_шаньюй.
- Touman sameAs m.027ks06.
- Touman sameAs Тоумань.
- Touman sameAs Touman.
- Touman sameAs Teoman.
- Touman sameAs Đầu_Mạn_thiền_vu.
- Touman sameAs Q719747.
- Touman sameAs 头曼.
- Touman wasDerivedFrom Touman?oldid=708277832.
- Touman depiction Hsiung-nu-Empire.png.
- Touman isPrimaryTopicOf Touman.