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- Third_Crusade abstract "The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as The Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin (Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb). The campaign was largely successful, capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the Crusade.After the failure of the Second Crusade, the Zengid dynasty controlled a unified Syria and engaged in a conflict with the Fatimid rulers of Egypt. The Egyptian and Syrian forces were ultimately unified under Saladin, who employed them to reduce the Christian states and recapture Jerusalem in 1187. Spurred by religious zeal, King Henry II of England and King Philip II of France (known as Philip Augustus) ended their conflict with each other to lead a new crusade. The death of Henry in 1189, however, meant the English contingent came under the command of his successor, King Richard I of England (known as Richard the Lionheart, in French Cœur de Lion). The elderly Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa also responded to the call to arms, leading a massive army across Anatolia, but he drowned in a river in Asia Minor on 10 June 1190 before reaching the Holy Land. His death caused tremendous grief among the German Crusaders, and most of his troops returned home.After the Crusaders had driven the Muslims from Acre, Philip in company with Frederick's successor, Leopold V, Duke of Austria (known as Leopold the Virtuous), left the Holy Land in August 1191. On 2 September 1192, Richard and Saladin finalized a treaty granting Muslim control over Jerusalem but allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city. Richard departed the Holy Land on 2 October. The successes of the Third Crusade allowed the Crusaders to maintain considerable states in Cyprus and on the Syrian coast. However, the failure to recapture Jerusalem would lead to the Fourth Crusade.".
- Third_Crusade combatant "(Christian opponents:)".
- Third_Crusade combatant "(Nizari Ismaili:)'''".
- Third_Crusade combatant "*".
- Third_Crusade combatant "**".
- Third_Crusade combatant "***".
- Third_Crusade combatant "*Republic of Pisa".
- Third_Crusade combatant "----".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Ayyubid Sultanate".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Byzantine Empire".
- Third_Crusade combatant "County of Blois".
- Third_Crusade combatant "County of Tripoli".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Crusader States".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Duchy of Austria".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Duchy of Bohemia".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Duchy of Burgundy".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Duchy of Swabia".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Emirate of Damascus".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Emirate of Hama".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Emirate of Mesopotamia".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Empire of Cyprus".
- Third_Crusade combatant "German Hospice Brotherhood".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Holy Roman Empire".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Kingdom of Cilician Armenia".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Kingdom of England".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Kingdom of France".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Kingdom of Hungary".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Kingdom of Jerusalem".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Kingdom of Sicily".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Knights Hospitaller".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Knights Templar".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Knights of Saint Thomas".
- Third_Crusade combatant "March of Brandenburg".
- Third_Crusade combatant "March of Montferrat".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Military Order".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Nizari Ismaili state".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Order of Saint Lazarus".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Order of the Holy Sepulchre".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Principality of Antioch".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Republic of Genoa".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Sultanate of Egypt".
- Third_Crusade combatant "Sultanate of Rûm".
- Third_Crusade combatant "s".
- Third_Crusade commander Al-Adil_I.
- Third_Crusade commander Al-Afdal_ibn_Salah_ad-Din.
- Third_Crusade commander Al-Muzaffar_Umar.
- Third_Crusade commander Albert_II,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg.
- Third_Crusade commander Ayyubid_dynasty.
- Third_Crusade commander Balian_of_Ibelin.
- Third_Crusade commander Conrad_of_Montferrat.
- Third_Crusade commander Děpolt_II.
- Third_Crusade commander Emperor.
- Third_Crusade commander Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Third_Crusade commander Frederick_VI,_Duke_of_Swabia.
- Third_Crusade commander Garnier_de_Nablus.
- Third_Crusade commander Grand_Master_(order).
- Third_Crusade commander Grand_Masters_of_the_Teutonic_Order.
- Third_Crusade commander Guy_of_Lusignan.
- Third_Crusade commander Géza,_son_of_Géza_II_of_Hungary.
- Third_Crusade commander Gökböri.
- Third_Crusade commander Henry_II,_Count_of_Champagne.
- Third_Crusade commander Hugh_III,_Duke_of_Burgundy.
- Third_Crusade commander Humphrey_IV_of_Toron.
- Third_Crusade commander Isaac_II_Angelos.
- Third_Crusade commander Isaac_Komnenos_of_Cyprus.
- Third_Crusade commander Joscelin_III,_Count_of_Edessa.
- Third_Crusade commander Kilij_Arslan_II.
- Third_Crusade commander Leo_I,_King_of_Armenia.
- Third_Crusade commander Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria.
- Third_Crusade commander Markward_von_Annweiler.
- Third_Crusade commander Philip_II_of_France.
- Third_Crusade commander Rashid_ad-Din_Sinan.
- Third_Crusade commander Raymond_III,_Count_of_Tripoli.
- Third_Crusade commander Raynald_of_Châtillon.
- Third_Crusade commander Richard_I_of_England.
- Third_Crusade commander Robert_de_Sablé.
- Third_Crusade commander Robert_of_St._Albans.
- Third_Crusade commander Saladin.
- Third_Crusade commander Seljuq_dynasty.
- Third_Crusade commander Sultan.
- Third_Crusade commander Tancred,_King_of_Sicily.
- Third_Crusade commander Theobald_V,_Count_of_Blois.
- Third_Crusade isPartOfMilitaryConflict Crusades.
- Third_Crusade place Anatolia.
- Third_Crusade place Levant.
- Third_Crusade result "* A truce of three years.".
- Third_Crusade result "* Jerusalem remains under Muslim control.".
- Third_Crusade result "* LevantineCrusader Statesrestored and recognised by both sides.".
- Third_Crusade result "* The safety of both Christian and Muslim unarmedpilgrimsguaranteed throughout the Levant.".
- Third_Crusade result "Treaty of Jaffa, the result of Crusader military victories and successful sieges.".
- Third_Crusade strength "(Medieval records of army numbers are unreliable)".
- Third_Crusade strength "*English: 8,000 men".
- Third_Crusade strength "*French: 2,000 men (not counting the Templars and other troops of the Kingdom of Jerusalem)".
- Third_Crusade strength "*Germans: 15,000-100,000 men".
- Third_Crusade strength "*Hungarians: 2,000 men".
- Third_Crusade strength "Unknown".
- Third_Crusade territory Cyprus.
- Third_Crusade territory Kingdom_of_Cyprus.
- Third_Crusade territory Tiberias.
- Third_Crusade territory Tyre,_Lebanon.