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- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes abstract "Stephen Alfred Forbes (29 May 1844 – 13 March 1930) was the first Chief of the Illinois Natural History Survey, a founder of aquatic ecosystem science and a dominant figure in the rise of American ecology. His publications are striking for their merger of extensive field observations with conceptual insights. Forbes believed that ecological knowledge was fundamental for human well-being. Forbes was important to the development of ecological theory. He was acknowledged by the National Academy of Sciences as \"the founder of the science of ecology in the United States.\"While already famous as an economic entomologist, Forbes undertook studies of massive fish mortality in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. He showed the connection of algae blooms and lake physics to fish kills, and embarked on a remarkable research program into lake ecology and river ecology. Many of his insights about lake ecology were collected in an influential paper, \"The Lake as a Microcosm\". Notable for both conceptual creativity and the use of innovative quantitative methods, his work foreshadowed the ecosystem concept as well as modern ideas of behavioral ecology and food web dynamics. On top of this, Forbes introduced the concept of a \"community of interest\" that emphasized two major points: \"the first that of a general community of interests among all the classes of organic beings here assembled, and the second that of the beneficent power of natural selection which compels such adjustments of the rated of destruction and of multiplication of the various species as shall best promote this common interest.\" Stephen Alfred Forbes in 1880 advocated an ecological approach and combinations of resurgence of primary pests, selection of strains of pests resistant to insecticides and general contamination of the environment. Although the term pest management looks new in controlling pests but it is based on decades of development. Stephen Alfred Forbes is said to be the first to work on the pest management.Stephen Alfred Forbes as showed the importances of local knowledge in the early history of ecology in the United States.".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes almaMater Illinois_State_University.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes almaMater Rush_Medical_College.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthDate "1844-05-29".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace Silver_Creek_Township,_Stephenson_County,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace Stephenson_County,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace United_States.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthYear "1844".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes deathDate "1930-03-13".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes deathPlace Urbana,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes deathYear "1930".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes field Ecology.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes field Entomology.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes thumbnail Stephen_Alfred_Forbes_001.jpg?width=300.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageExternalLink forbes-stephen.pdf.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageID "8148770".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageLength "10763".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageOutDegree "40".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageRevisionID "666722722".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Algal_bloom.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink American_Civil_War.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Aquatic_ecosystem.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Behavioral_ecology.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:1844_births.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:1930_deaths.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_ecologists.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_entomologists.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Illinois_State_University_alumni.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Members_of_the_United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Rush_Medical_College_alumni.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:Union_Army_soldiers.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana–Champaign_faculty.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Charles_W._Woodworth.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Ecology.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Ecosystem.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Entomology.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Fish_kill.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Fish_mortality.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Food_web.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Freeport,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Illinois_Natural_History_Survey.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Illinois_State_University.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Lake_ecosystem.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink National_Academy_of_Sciences.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Normal,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Peoria,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink River_ecosystem.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Rush_Medical_College.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Silver_Creek_Township,_Stephenson_County,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Stephen_A._Forbes_State_Recreation_Area.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Stephenson_County,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Union_Army.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana–Champaign.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLink Urbana,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLinkText "Forbes".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLinkText "Forbes, S.A.".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLinkText "S. A. Forbes".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLinkText "S.A. Forbes".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLinkText "Stephen Alfred Forbes".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageWikiLinkText "Stephen Forbes".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes almaMater Illinois_State_University.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes almaMater "Rush Medical College".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthDate "1844-05-29".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace Silver_Creek_Township,_Stephenson_County,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace Stephenson_County,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes birthPlace United_States.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes children "Bertha Van Hoesen".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes children "Ernest Browning".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes children "Ethel".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes children "Richard Edwin".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes children "Winifred".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes dateOfBirth "1844-05-29".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes dateOfDeath "1930-03-13".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes deathPlace Urbana,_Illinois.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes fields Entomology.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes fields "Ecology".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes name "Forbes, Stephen Alfred".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes name "Stephen Alfred Forbes".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes shortDescription "American scientist".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes spouse "Clara Shaw Gaston".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Birth_date.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Death_date_and_age.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_scientist.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes workplaces University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana–Champaign.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes workplaces "Illinois Natural History Survey".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes description "American scientist".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes description "American scientist".
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes subject Category:1844_births.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes subject Category:1930_deaths.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes subject Category:American_ecologists.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes subject Category:American_entomologists.
- Stephen_Alfred_Forbes subject Category:Illinois_State_University_alumni.