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- Soviet_Union abstract "The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk]) abbreviated to USSR (Russian: СССР, tr. SSSR) or shortened to the Soviet Union (Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з, tr. Sovetskij Soyuz; IPA: [sɐ'vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs]), was a Marxist–Leninist state on the Eurasian continent that existed between 1922 and 1991. A union of multiple subnational Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, headed by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the provisional government that had replaced the Tsar. They established the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (renamed Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1936), beginning a civil war between the revolutionary \"Reds\" and the counter-revolutionary \"Whites.\" The Red Army entered several territories of the former Russian Empire and helped local Communists take power through soviets, which nominally acted on behalf of workers and peasants. In 1922, the Communists were victorious, forming the Soviet Union with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian, and Byelorussian republics. Following Lenin's death in 1924, a troika and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin suppressed all political opposition to his rule, committed the state ideology to Marxism–Leninism (which he created) and initiated a centrally planned economy. As a result, the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization which laid the foundation for its victory in World War II and post-war dominance of Eastern Europe. Stalin also fomented political paranoia, and conducted the Great Purge to remove opponents of his from the Communist Party through the mass arbitrary arrest of many people (military leaders, Communist Party members, and ordinary citizens alike) who were then sent to correctional labor camps or sentenced to death.At the beginning of World War II, Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler's Germany; the treaty delayed confrontation between the two countries. In June 1941 the Germans invaded, opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the cost of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad. Soviet forces eventually captured Berlin in 1945. The territory overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Eastern Bloc. The Cold War emerged in 1947 as the Soviet bloc confronted the Western states that united in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949.Following Stalin's death in 1953, a period of political and economic liberalization, known as \"de-Stalinization\" and \"Khrushchev's Thaw\", occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev. The country developed rapidly, as millions of peasants were moved into industrialized cities. The USSR took an early lead in the Space Race with the first ever satellite and the first human spaceflight. In the 1970s, there was a brief détente of relations with the United States, but tensions resumed when the Soviet Union deployed troops in Afghanistan in 1979. The war drained economic resources and was matched by an escalation of American military aid to Mujahideen fighters.In the mid-1980s, the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to further reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika. The goal was to preserve the Communist Party while reversing economic stagnation. The Cold War ended during his tenure, and in 1989 Soviet satellite countries in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist regimes. This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well. Central authorities initiated a referendum—boycotted by the Baltic republics, Armenia, Georgia, and Moldova—which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the Union as a renewed federation. In August 1991, a coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners. It failed, with Russian President Boris Yeltsin playing a high-profile role in facing down the coup, resulting in the banning of the Communist Party. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as its continued legal personality.".
- Soviet_Union anthem State_Anthem_of_the_Soviet_Union.
- Soviet_Union anthem The_Internationale.
- Soviet_Union capital Moscow.
- Soviet_Union currency Soviet_ruble.
- Soviet_Union demonym "Soviet".
- Soviet_Union dissolutionDate "1991-12-26".
- Soviet_Union dissolutionYear "1991".
- Soviet_Union foundingDate "1922-12-30".
- Soviet_Union foundingYear "1922".
- Soviet_Union governmentType Marxism–Leninism.
- Soviet_Union largestCity Moscow.
- Soviet_Union motto "(Translit.: Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!)".
- Soviet_Union motto "(literally: Proletarians of all countries, unite!)".
- Soviet_Union motto "English:Workers of the world, unite!".
- Soviet_Union motto "Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!".
- Soviet_Union thumbnail Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg?width=300.
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- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Abkhazia.
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- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Alcohol_consumption_in_Russia.
- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Chervyakov.
- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Nove.
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- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Alexey_Leonov.
- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War.
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- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Berlin.
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- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Stalingrad.
- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Belarus.
- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Belarusians.
- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Belavezha_Accords.
- Soviet_Union wikiPageWikiLink Bering_Strait.