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- Soviet–Afghan_War abstract "The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups (\"the Mujahideen\") who received aid from both Christian and Muslim countries, fought against the Soviet Army and allied Afghan forces. Between 850,000–1.5 million civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran.Prior to the arrival of Soviet troops, the pro-Soviet Nur Mohammad Taraki government took power in a 1978 coup and initiated a series of radical modernization reforms throughout the country. Vigorously suppressing any opposition from among the traditional Muslim Afghans, the government arrested thousands and executed as many as 27,000 political prisoners. By April 1979 large parts of the country were in open rebellion and by December the government had lost control of territory outside of the cities. In response to Afghan government requests, the Soviet government under leader Leonid Brezhnev first sent covert troops to advise and support the Afghani government, but on December 24, 1979, began the first deployment of the 40th Army. Arriving in the capital Kabul, they staged a coup, killing the Afghan President, and installing a rival Afghan socialist (Babrak Karmal).In January 1980, foreign ministers from 34 nations of the Islamic Conference adopted a resolution demanding \"the immediate, urgent and unconditional withdrawal of Soviet troops\" from Afghanistan, while the UN General Assembly passed a resolution protesting the Soviet intervention by a vote of 104–18. Afghan insurgents began to receive massive amounts of aid, military training in neighboring Pakistan and China, paid for primarily by the United States and Arab monarchies in the Persian Gulf.Soviet troops occupied the cities and main arteries of communication, while the mujahideen waged guerrilla war in small groups operating in the almost 80 percent of the country that escaped government and Soviet control. Soviets used their air power to deal harshly with both rebels and civilians, leveling villages to deny safe haven to the enemy, destroying vital irrigation ditches, and laying millions of land mines.By the mid-1980s the Soviet contingent was increased to 108,800 and fighting increased throughout the country, but the military and diplomatic cost of the war to the USSR was high. By mid-1987 the Soviet Union, now under reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev, announced it would start withdrawing its forces. The final troop withdrawal started on May 15, 1988, and ended on February 15, 1989.The war was considered part of the Cold War. Due to its length it has sometimes been referred to as the \"Soviet Union's Vietnam War\" or the \"Bear Trap\" by the Western media, and thought to be a contributing factor to the fall of the Soviet Union.".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "* 1,000 died from disease and accidents".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "* 4,000 died from wounds".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "* 9,500 killed in combat".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "1,314IFV/APCs".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "11,369 cargo and fuel tanker trucks".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "14,453 killed (total)".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "147tanks".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "18,000 killed".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "264 missing".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "433artillery gunsandmortars".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "451 aircraft(including 333helicopters)".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "53,753 wounded".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "Afghan Forces:".
- Soviet–Afghan_War causalties "Soviet Forces:".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "**Maktab al-Khadamat".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "**Shura-e Nazar".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*ALO".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*AMFFF".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Afghan Hezbollah".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*COIRGA".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Gulbuddin faction".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Harakat i-Islami".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*IRM".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Ittehad i-Islami".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Jamiat-e Islami".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Khalis faction".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*NIFA".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*NLF".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Nasr Party (IVOA)".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Raad Party".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*SAMA".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*Shura Party".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "*UOIF".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "----".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "Maoist factions:".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "Shia Mujahedeen:".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "Soviet Union".
- Soviet–Afghan_War combatant "Sunni Mujahideen".
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Abdul_Haq_(Afghan_leader).
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Abdul_Qadir_(Afghan_communist).
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Abdul_Rahim_Wardak.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Abdul_Rashid_Dostum.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Ahmad_Shah_Massoud.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Asif_Mohseni.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Babrak_Karmal.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Boris_Gromov.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Burhanuddin_Rabbani.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Dmitriy_Ustinov.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Dmitry_Yazov.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Fazal_Haq_Mujahid.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Igor_Rodionov.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Ismail_Khan.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Jalaluddin_Haqqani.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Konstantin_Chernenko.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Leonid_Brezhnev.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Mikhail_Gorbachev.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Mohammad_Nabi_Mohammadi.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Mohammad_Najibullah.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Mohammed_Rafie.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Mulavi_Dawood.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Mullah_Naqib.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Sayeed_Ali_Begeshti.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Sergey_Sokolov_(commander).
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Shahnawaz_Tanai.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Valentin_Varennikov.
- Soviet–Afghan_War commander Yuri_Andropov.
- Soviet–Afghan_War date "1979-12-24".
- Soviet–Afghan_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Cold_War.
- Soviet–Afghan_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict War_in_Afghanistan_(1978–present).
- Soviet–Afghan_War place Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan.
- Soviet–Afghan_War result "* Continuation of theAfghan Civil War".
- Soviet–Afghan_War result "* Soviet failure to quell the AfghanMujahedeeninsurgency".
- Soviet–Afghan_War result "*Geneva Accord (1988)".
- Soviet–Afghan_War result "*WithdrawalofSoviet forcesfrom Afghanistan".
- Soviet–Afghan_War result "Military stalemate".
- Soviet–Afghan_War strength "* 115,000 at peak".
- Soviet–Afghan_War strength "* 55,000".
- Soviet–Afghan_War strength "200,000–250,000".
- Soviet–Afghan_War strength "Afghan Forces:".
- Soviet–Afghan_War strength "Mujahideen:".
- Soviet–Afghan_War strength "Soviet Forces:".
- Soviet–Afghan_War thumbnail Mortar_attack_on_Shigal_Tarna_garrison,_Kunar_Province,_87.jpg?width=300.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink soviet-afghan_compound-warfare.htm.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink MOUTGrau.htm.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink v=onepage&q=Jihad%3A%20The%20Trail%20of%20Political%20Islam&f=false.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink af.html.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink pm_0202.pdf.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink 552516.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink afghanistan.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink www.afganvet.ru.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink ussr.html.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink www.artofwar.ru.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink www.museo-militar-empire.es.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink www.sovietairborne.com.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink a37r037.htm.
- Soviet–Afghan_War wikiPageExternalLink WP51_Web_Final.pdf.