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- Social_Democrats,_USA abstract "Social Democrats, USA (SDUSA) is an association of U.S. social democrats, that had been called the Socialist Party of America (SP) until the 1972 convention where it changed its name to SDUSA to clarify its objectives.The Socialist Party had stopped running independent Presidential candidates, and consequently the name \"Party\" had confused the public. Replacing the name \"socialist\" with \"social democrat\", SDUSA clarified its vision to Americans who confused socialism with Soviet Communism, which SDUSA opposed. In response, former SPA Co-Chairman Michael Harrington resigned from SDUSA in 1973 and founded the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee, which criticized SDUSA's anti-Communism and which welcomed the middle-class movements associated with the unsuccessful Presidential Campaign of George McGovern. SDUSA members opposed McGovern's politics; a few of them helped to start the Coalition for a Democratic Majority, and such members have been called \"Scoop\" Jackson Democrats or neoconservatives (or both).SDUSA's members had been active in the African-American civil-rights movement, which had been led since the 1940s by A. Philip Randolph. SDUSA's leaders had organized the 1963 March on Washington, during which Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream speech. Under the leadership of Randolph and Bayard Rustin, SDUSA championed Rustin's emphasis on economic inequality as the most important issue facing African-Americans after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. SDUSA's efforts to reduce economic inequality led to a focus on labor unions and economic policy, and SDUSA members were active in the AFL–CIO confederation as well as in individual unions, especially the American Federation of Teachers.SDUSA's electoral strategy (\"realignment\") intended to organize labor unions, civil rights organizations, and other constituencies into a coalition that would transform the Democratic Party into a social-democratic party. The realignment strategy emphasized working with unions and especially the AFL–CIO, putting an emphasis on economic issues that would unite working-class voters. SDUSA opposed the New Politics of Senator George McGovern, which had lost all states but Massachusetts to Richard Nixon at the 1972 election, when Americans voted for a Democratic House of Representatives in the House elections. While SDUSA had endorsed McGovern, it had adopted resolutions criticizing the New Politics for having made criticisms of labor unions and working-class Americans and for its advocacy of an immediate and unconditional U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam.SDUSA's organizational activities included sponsoring discussions and issuing position papers. SDUSA included civil-rights activists and leaders of labor unions, such as Bayard Rustin, Norman Hill, and Tom Kahn of the AFL–CIO, and Sandra Feldman and Rachelle Horowitz of the American Federation of Teachers. SDUSA's Tom Kahn organized the AFL-CIO's support of Poland's Solidarity, an independent labor-union that challenged Communism. Penn Kemble and Carl Gershman cooperated with Republican and Democratic administrations on democracy promotion, beginning with the Reagan administration. Other members included the philosopher Sidney Hook. SDUSA ceased operations in 2005, following the death of Penn Kemble. In 2008–2009 two small organizations emerged, each proclaiming itself to be the successor to SDUSA.SDUSA's politics were criticized by former Socialist-Party Chairman Michael Harrington, who in 1972 announced that he favored an immediate pull-out of US forces from Vietnam (without requiring any guarantees); after losing all votes at the 1972 convention that changed the Socialist Party to SDUSA, Harrington resigned in 1973 and formed his Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC), which welcomed the New Politics and middle-class leadership. The 1972 changing of the name of the Socialist Party of America to SDUSA and the 1973 formation of DSOC represented a split in the U.S. socialist movement.Some members of SDUSA have been called \"right-wing social-democrats\", a taunt according to Ben Wattenberg. SUDSA members supported the free labor-union of Poland, Solidarity (Solidarność), with Tom Kahn working for AFL-CIO and later Carl Gershman working for the National Endowment for Democracy. Their support of Solidarity was criticized by the Carter Administration, the Soviet Union, and other supporters of Détente. SDUSA members (like the AFL-CIO and at Solidarity's request) supported using economic aid to Poland's Communist government as a bargaining chip to help Solidarity, while neoconservatives and \"hard-line\" conservatives opposed such aid in 1981.SDUSA leaders Penn Kemble and Bayard Rustin and former SDUSA-member Joshua Muravchik were called \"second-generation neoconservatives\" by Justin Vaisse. These leaders, along with Kahn, Horowitz and Gersham, are also regarded as Shachtmanites by most other scholars. SDUSA leader Penn Kemble rejected the neoconservative label and called himself a social democrat (even while dying in 2005). Muravchik (the 1973 youth-leader), disputed the Shachtmanite label for his generation and has called himself a neoconservative, to the disappointment of his SDUSA associates who continue to identify with social democracy and to disagree with neoconservatism.".
- Social_Democrats,_USA formationYear "1972".
- Social_Democrats,_USA headquarter Pennsylvania.
- Social_Democrats,_USA headquarter Pittsburgh.
- Social_Democrats,_USA headquarter United_States.
- Social_Democrats,_USA ideology Social_democracy.
- Social_Democrats,_USA internationalAffiliation Socialist_International.
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