Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Second_messenger_system> ?p ?o }
- Second_messenger_system abstract "Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell to trigger physiological changes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and apoptosis. Secondary messengers are therefore one of the initiating components of intracellular signal transduction cascades. Examples of second messenger molecules include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium. The cell releases second messenger molecules in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers. First messengers are extracellular factors, often hormones or neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine, growth hormone, and serotonin. Because peptide hormones and neurotransmitters typically are biochemically hydrophilic molecules, these first messengers may not physically cross the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane to initiate changes within the cell directly—unlike steroid hormones, which usually do. This functional limitation necessitates the cell to devise signal transduction mechanisms to transduce first messenger into second messengers, so that the extracellular signal may be propagated intracellularly. An important feature of the second messenger signaling system is that second messengers may be coupled downstream to multi-cyclic kinase cascades to greatly amplify the strength of the original first messenger signal. For example, Ras.GTP signals link with the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade to amplify the allosteric activation of proliferative transcription factors such as Myc and CREB.Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr., discovered second messengers, for which he won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Sutherland saw that epinephrine would stimulate the liver to convert glycogen to glucose (sugar) in liver cells, but epinephrine alone would not convert glycogen to glucose. He found that epinephrine had to trigger a second messenger, cyclic AMP, for the liver to convert glycogen to glucose. The mechanisms were worked out in detail by Martin Rodbell and Alfred G. Gilman, who won the 1994 Nobel prize.Secondary messenger systems can be synthesized and activated by enzymes, for example, the cyclases that synthesize cyclic nucleotides, or by opening of ion channels to allow influx of metal ions, for example Ca2+ signaling. These small molecules bind and activate protein kinases, ion channels, and other proteins, thus continuing the signaling cascade.".
- Second_messenger_system thumbnail Second_Messenger_Mechanism.jpg?width=300.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageExternalLink animation__second_messenger__camp.html.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageID "1800732".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageLength "7978".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageOutDegree "61".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageRevisionID "704998769".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Alfred_G._Gilman.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Apoptosis.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Arachidonic_acid.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Calcium.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_in_biology.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_monoxide.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Category:Signal_transduction.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Cell_growth.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Cell_membrane.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_differentiation.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Cytosol.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Diglyceride.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland,_Jr..
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Effector_(biology).
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Enzyme.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Epinephrine.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink File:Second_Messenger_Mechanism.jpg.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink G_protein.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink G_protein–coupled_receptor.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Gas.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Glucose.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Glycogen.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Growth_hormone.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Guanosine_diphosphate.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Guanosine_triphosphate.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Hormone.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_sulfide.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Hydrophile.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Hydrophobe.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Inositol_trisphosphate.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Intermembrane.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Ligand_(biochemistry).
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Martin_Rodbell.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Organelle.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Peptide_hormone.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Phosphatidylinositol.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Phospholipase_C.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Protein.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Protein_kinase_C.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Receptor_(biochemistry).
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Serotonin.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Signal_transduction.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLink Steroid_hormone.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "First messengers".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Mechanism".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Second messenger system".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "cellular messengers".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "chemical messengers".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "intracellular trafficking pathways".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "second messenger activated ion channels".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "second messenger cascade".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "second messenger pathways".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "second messenger system".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "second messenger".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "second messengers".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "secondary messenger".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "secondary messengers".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "transferring".
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cell_signaling.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_web.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Second_messenger_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Second_messenger_system.
- Second_messenger_system subject Category:Signal_transduction.
- Second_messenger_system hypernym Intracellular.
- Second_messenger_system type Bacteria.
- Second_messenger_system type Redirect.
- Second_messenger_system comment "Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell to trigger physiological changes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, and apoptosis. Secondary messengers are therefore one of the initiating components of intracellular signal transduction cascades. Examples of second messenger molecules include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium.".
- Second_messenger_system label "Second messenger system".
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Q899814.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Segon_missatger.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Druhý_posel.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Second_Messenger.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Segundo_mensajero.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Toisiolähetti.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Messager_secondaire.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Teachtaire_tánaisteach.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Segundo_mensaxeiro.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs שליח_שניוני.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Secondo_messaggero.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs セカンドメッセンジャー.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs 2차_전달자.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Segundo_mensageiro.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs m.05y15s.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Вторичные_посредники.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Sistem_sekundarnih_glasnika.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Sekundarni_obveščevalec.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Sistem_sekundarnih_glasnika.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs Q899814.
- Second_messenger_system sameAs 第二信使系统.