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- SS_John_Grafton abstract "SS John Grafton was a steamship that was used in an unsuccessful attempt to smuggle large quantities of arms for the Finnish resistance to the Imperial Russian regime in 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The matter later came to be known as the \"Grafton Affair\".When Finland had become a grand duchy in the Russian empire in 1809, Finland was allowed to keep its own laws, language and religion. In the end of the 19th century this position was threatened, as russification policies were suggested and attempted. The Russification campaign resulted in resistance of which the arms smuggling by John Grafton was a part. Eventually no military action resulted at the time, though Finland did eventually declare independence on 6 December 1917 following the October Revolution in Russia.John Grafton was a 315-ton ship built in 1883. It was bought by Japanese army officer and intelligence agent Akashi Motojiro in 1905 to aid an armed uprising in Finland. This was done nominally in the name of a sympathetic London wine merchant. The ship sailed to Flushing and on 28 July and the ship was renamed the Luna. The wine merchant sold the ship to a non British firm on this day, but did not report it. However, a subsequent inquiry conducted by the Maritime Department of the Board of Trade in September was able to retrospectively remove the ship from the English register of shipping, avoiding embarrassment when its subsequent activities came to the attention of the Russian authorities.After the Russification in Finland increased, the resistance activist Konni Zilliacus in 1905 organized the smuggling of weapons to the Finnish and the Russian resistance movements. With Japanese financing, John Grafton was bought. In London the ship was loaded with 15,500 Swiss Vetterli rifles, 2.5 million bullets, 2,500 high-class English officer's revolvers and 3 tons of explosives. According to the original plan, the weapons were to be transported via the Netherlands and Copenhagen to a meeting place in the Gulf of Finland, from where the journey would continue to St Petersburg. On arrival, a part of the cargo would be offloaded and given to Russian revolutionaries.After running into a few problems the route was changed, and the ship set course towards the Gulf of Bothnia and the town of Kemi, where part of the cargo was offloaded. The journey continued to Jakobstad which, like Kemi, was a centre of the Finnish resistance. The ship was piloted into the rocky archipelago north of Jakobstad and the offloading of the weapons was conducted without any serious problems. When the ship continued her journey south, she ran aground. The crew started to salvage what remained of the weapons. It quickly became clear that the whole cargo could not be salvaged. The captain, J.W. Nylander, made the decision to blow up the ship to avoid it ending up in the hands of the Russian authorities. On the afternoon of 8 September 1905 the ship was blown up with three powerful charges. The sound of the explosion was heard some 50 kilometers away.Despite the harsh censorship during the Russification, widespread speculation about the event occurred in both Finnish and foreign newspapers. Even though the plans for John Grafton did not pan out, the event is considered one of the first concrete actions for an independent Finland. In 1930 a monument was unveiled at Orrskär in Larsmo to commemorate the event. To this day parts of the cargo and ship lie at the bottom of the gulf.The weapons that had been offloaded started to spread out into the villages (where they amongst other things were used for moose hunting) and were later part of the armory of the White Guard when it founded in 1917. The already obsolete weapons (the Vetterli M 1869 was a black powder rifle) were never used in any military manner. The Russian authorities salvaged parts of the cargo and sunk them further out where the depth was greater.".
- SS_John_Grafton owner Akashi_Motojiro.
- SS_John_Grafton status "Destroyed by explosives 1905".
- SS_John_Grafton type Steamboat.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageID "21750700".
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageLength "5930".
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageOutDegree "31".
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageRevisionID "697639342".
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Akashi_Motojiro.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Board_of_Trade.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Category:1905_Russian_Revolution.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Category:1905_in_Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Category:1905_in_Russia.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Category:Arms_trafficking.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Category:Conflicts_in_1905.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Category:Grand_Duchy_of_Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Category:Steamships.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Copenhagen.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Duchy_of_Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_of_Bothnia.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_of_Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Jakobstad.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Jäger_Movement.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Kemi.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Konni_Zilliacus_(senior).
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Larsmo.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Orrskär.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Empire.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Russification_of_Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Russo-Japanese_War.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Saint_Petersburg.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Steamboat.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Steamship.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Vetterli_rifle.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink Vlissingen.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLink White_Guard_(Finland).
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLinkText "John Grafton".
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLinkText "SS ''John Grafton''".
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageWikiLinkText "SS John Grafton".
- SS_John_Grafton shipFate "Destroyed by explosives 1905".
- SS_John_Grafton shipLaunched "1883".
- SS_John_Grafton shipName "*John Grafton *Luna".
- SS_John_Grafton shipOwner Akashi_Motojiro.
- SS_John_Grafton shipTonnage "315".
- SS_John_Grafton shipType Steamboat.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_ship_career.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_ship_characteristics.
- SS_John_Grafton wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_ship_image.
- SS_John_Grafton subject Category:1905_Russian_Revolution.
- SS_John_Grafton subject Category:1905_in_Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton subject Category:1905_in_Russia.
- SS_John_Grafton subject Category:Arms_trafficking.
- SS_John_Grafton subject Category:Conflicts_in_1905.
- SS_John_Grafton subject Category:Grand_Duchy_of_Finland.
- SS_John_Grafton subject Category:Steamships.
- SS_John_Grafton hypernym Steamship.
- SS_John_Grafton point "63.833888888888886 22.64611111111111".
- SS_John_Grafton type MeanOfTransportation.
- SS_John_Grafton type Rebellion.
- SS_John_Grafton type Ship.
- SS_John_Grafton type Rebellion.
- SS_John_Grafton type Ship.
- SS_John_Grafton type Steamship.
- SS_John_Grafton type Vehicle.
- SS_John_Grafton type Product.
- SS_John_Grafton type DesignedArtifact.
- SS_John_Grafton type Thing.
- SS_John_Grafton type SpatialThing.
- SS_John_Grafton type Q11446.
- SS_John_Grafton comment "SS John Grafton was a steamship that was used in an unsuccessful attempt to smuggle large quantities of arms for the Finnish resistance to the Imperial Russian regime in 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The matter later came to be known as the \"Grafton Affair\".When Finland had become a grand duchy in the Russian empire in 1809, Finland was allowed to keep its own laws, language and religion.".
- SS_John_Grafton label "SS John Grafton".
- SS_John_Grafton sameAs Q2472153.
- SS_John_Grafton sameAs SS_John_Grafton.
- SS_John_Grafton sameAs Graftona_avantūra.
- SS_John_Grafton sameAs m.05m_03j.
- SS_John_Grafton sameAs Джон_Графтон.
- SS_John_Grafton sameAs S_John_Grafton.
- SS_John_Grafton sameAs Q2472153.
- SS_John_Grafton lat "63.833888888888886".
- SS_John_Grafton long "22.64611111111111".
- SS_John_Grafton wasDerivedFrom SS_John_Grafton?oldid=697639342.
- SS_John_Grafton isPrimaryTopicOf SS_John_Grafton.
- SS_John_Grafton name "*John Grafton (1883–1905)".
- SS_John_Grafton name "*Luna (1905)".