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- Rumford_Prize abstract "Founded in 1796, the Rumford Prize, awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, is one of the oldest scientific prizes in the United States. The prize recognizes contributions by scientists to the fields of heat and light. These terms are widely interpreted; awards range from discoveries in thermodynamics to improvements in the construction of steam boilers.The award was created through the endowment of US$5,000 to the Academy by Benjamin Thompson, who held the title \"Count Rumford of the United Kingdom\", in 1796. The terms state that the award be given to \"authors of discoverie's in any part of the Continent of America, or in any of the American islands\". Although it was founded in 1796, the first prize was not given until 1839, as the academy could not find anyone who, in their judgement, deserved the award. The academy found the terms of the prize to be too restrictive, and in 1832 the Supreme Court of Massachusetts allowed the Academy to change some of the provisions; mainly, the award was to be given annually instead of biennially, and the Academy was allowed to award the prize as it saw fit, whereas before it had to give it yearly. The first award was given to Robert Hare, for his invention of the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, in 1839. Twenty-three years elapsed before the award was given a second time, to John Ericsson.The prize is awarded whenever the academy recognizes a significant achievement in either of the two fields. It has been given 62 times to 79 individuals, and once to a tri-group committee of 21 people. Awardees receive a gold-and-silver medal. Previous prizewinners include Thomas Alva Edison, for his investigations in electric lighting; Enrico Fermi, for his studies of radiation theory and nuclear energy; and Charles H. Townes, for his development of the laser. One man, Samuel Pierpont Langley, has won both the Rumford Prize and the related Rumford Medal (the European equivalent of the Rumford Prize), both in 1886. Because the prize is awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, all of the recipients are American, except for one, John Stanley Plaskett, who is from British Columbia. The most recent award was given in 2008 to Sidney D. Drell, Sam Nunn, William J. Perry, and George P. Shultz \"for their efforts to reduce the global threat of nuclear weapons\".".
- Rumford_Prize presenter American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.
- Rumford_Prize thumbnail Benjamin_Thompson.jpg?width=300.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageExternalLink prizes.aspx.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageExternalLink groups.
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- Rumford_Prize wikiPageLength "19183".
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageOutDegree "261".
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageRevisionID "691278330".
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Allegheny,_Pennsylvania.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Arc_lamp.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Arizona.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Astronomical_spectroscopy.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Astrophotography.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Atom.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_spectroscopy.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Baltimore.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Belmont,_Massachusetts.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Benjamin_Thompson.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Biochemistry.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Bioluminescence.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Blowpipe_(tool).
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Boiler_(power_generation).
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Boston.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink British_Columbia.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink California.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Cambridge,_Massachusetts.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Cannon.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Category:1796_establishments_in_the_United_States.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Category:Physics_awards.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Charles_H._Townes.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_thermodynamics.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Chicago.
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- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Color_photography.
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- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Connecticut.
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- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Cryostat.
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- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Electric_light.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_radiation.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Enrico_Fermi.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink File:Thomas_Edison2.jpg.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink George_P._Shultz.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Graphite.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Greenbelt,_Maryland.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Hot_air_engine.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_spectral_series.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Iconoscope.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Illinois.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Infrared.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Infrared_astronomy.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Ithaca,_New_York.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink John_Ericsson.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink John_Stanley_Plaskett.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Laser.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Luminiferous_aether.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Luminosity.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Lynn,_Massachusetts.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Maryland.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Massachusetts.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Microwave_radiometer.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Montclair,_New_Jersey.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink National_Radio_Astronomy_Observatory.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Nebula.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Nebulium.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink New_Haven,_Connecticut.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink New_Jersey.
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- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink New_York_City.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Niagara_Falls,_New_York.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_Threat_Initiative.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_power.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_weapon.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Ohio.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Optical_spectrometer.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Optics.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Orange,_New_Jersey.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Oxyhydrogen.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Pasadena,_California.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Pennsylvania.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Photoengraving.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Photometer.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Photometry_(astronomy).
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Photosynthesis.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Polarization_(waves).
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Princeton,_New_Jersey.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Providence,_Rhode_Island.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Quasar.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Radiant_energy.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Radiation.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Refracting_telescope.
- Rumford_Prize wikiPageWikiLink Rhode_Island.