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- Reference_genome abstract "A reference genome (also known as a reference assembly) is a digital nucleic acid sequence database, assembled by scientists as a representative example of a species' set of genes. As they are often assembled from the sequencing of DNA from a number of donors, reference genomes do not accurately represent the set of genes of any single person. Instead a reference provides a haploid mosaic of different DNA sequences from each donor. For example GRCh37, the Genome Reference Consortium human genome (build 37) is derived from thirteen anonymous volunteers from Buffalo, New York. The ABO blood group system differs among humans, but the human reference genome contains only an O allele (although the other alleles are annotated).As the cost of DNA sequencing falls, and new full genome sequencing technologies emerge, more genome sequences continue to be generated. Reference genomes are typically used as a guide on which new genomes are built, enabling them to be assembled much more quickly and cheaply than the initial Human Genome Project. Most individuals with their entire genome sequenced, such as James D. Watson, had their genome assembled in this manner. For much of a genome, the reference provides a good approximation of the DNA of any single individual. But in regions with high allelic diversity, such as the major histocompatibility complex in humans and the major urinary proteins of mice, the reference genome may differ significantly from other individuals. Comparison between the reference (build 36) and Watson's genome revealed 3.3 million single nucleotide polymorphism differences, while about 1.4 percent of his DNA could not be matched to the reference genome at all. For regions where there is known to be large scale variation, sets of alternate loci are assembled alongside the reference locus.The human and mouse reference genomes are maintained and improved by the Genome Reference Consortium (GRC), a group of fewer than 20 scientists from a number of genome research institutes, including the European Bioinformatics Institute, the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the Sanger Institute and McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis. GRC continues to improve reference genomes by building new alignments that contain fewer gaps, and fixing misrepresentations in the sequence.The human reference genome GRCh38 was released on 24 December 2013.The previous human reference genome (GRCh37) was the nineteenth version. This build contained around 250 gaps, whereas the first version had ~150,000 gaps.Reference genomes can be accessed online at several locations, using dedicated browsers such as Ensembl or UCSC Genome Browser.".
- Reference_genome thumbnail Wellcome_genome_bookcase.png?width=300.
- Reference_genome wikiPageExternalLink grc.
- Reference_genome wikiPageExternalLink .Ui45tGRgYXc.
- Reference_genome wikiPageExternalLink .Ui45QWRgYXc.
- Reference_genome wikiPageID "27708701".
- Reference_genome wikiPageLength "6774".
- Reference_genome wikiPageOutDegree "31".
- Reference_genome wikiPageRevisionID "682754478".
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink ABO_(gene).
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink ABO_blood_group_system.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Buffalo,_New_York.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Category:Genome_projects.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink DNA_sequencing.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Ensembl.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink European_Bioinformatics_Institute.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink File:Wellcome_genome_bookcase.png.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink GRCh37.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink GRCh38.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Gene_pool.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Genome.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Genome_Reference_Consortium.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Genome_project.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Human_Genome_Project.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Human_genome.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink James_Watson.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Locus_(genetics).
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Major_histocompatibility_complex.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Major_urinary_proteins.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink McDonnell_Genome_Institute.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Nucleic_acid_sequence.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Ploidy.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Single-nucleotide_polymorphism.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink UCSC_Genome_Browser.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Washington_University_in_St._Louis.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Wellcome_Trust_Sanger_Institute.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLink Whole_genome_sequencing.
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLinkText "GRCh38".
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLinkText "Genome reference".
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLinkText "Human Reference Genome".
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLinkText "Reference genome".
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLinkText "reference assembly".
- Reference_genome wikiPageWikiLinkText "reference genome".
- Reference_genome wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Reference_genome subject Category:Genome_projects.
- Reference_genome hypernym Database.
- Reference_genome type BiologicalDatabase.
- Reference_genome type Genomic.
- Reference_genome comment "A reference genome (also known as a reference assembly) is a digital nucleic acid sequence database, assembled by scientists as a representative example of a species' set of genes. As they are often assembled from the sequencing of DNA from a number of donors, reference genomes do not accurately represent the set of genes of any single person. Instead a reference provides a haploid mosaic of different DNA sequences from each donor.".
- Reference_genome label "Reference genome".
- Reference_genome sameAs Q7307127.
- Reference_genome sameAs m.0c3vjwl.
- Reference_genome sameAs Q7307127.
- Reference_genome wasDerivedFrom Reference_genome?oldid=682754478.
- Reference_genome depiction Wellcome_genome_bookcase.png.
- Reference_genome isPrimaryTopicOf Reference_genome.