Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reactor-grade_plutonium> ?p ?o }
- Reactor-grade_plutonium abstract "Reactor-grade plutonium is found in spent nuclear fuel that a nuclear reactor has irradiated (burnup/burnt up) for years before removal from the reactor, in contrast to the low burnup of weeks or months that is commonly required to produce weapons-grade plutonium, with the high time in the reactor(high burnup) of reactor-grade plutonium leading to transmutation of much of the fissile, relatively long half-life isotope 239Pu into a number of other isotopes of plutonium that are less fissile or more radioactive.Thermal-neutron reactors (today's nuclear power stations) can reuse reactor-grade plutonium only to a limited degree as MOX fuel, and only for a second cycle; fast-neutron reactors, of which there is less than a handful operating today, can use reactor-grade plutonium fuel as a means to reduce the transuranium content of spent nuclear fuel/nuclear waste.The degree to which typical Generation II reactor high burn-up produced reactor-grade plutonium is less useful than weapons-grade plutonium for building nuclear weapons is somewhat debated, with many sources arguing that the maximum probable theoretical yield would be bordering on a fizzle explosion of the range 0.1 to 2 kiloton in a Fat Man type device, that is, assuming the non-trivial issue of dealing with the heat generation from the higher content of non-weapons usable Pu-238, that is present, could be overcome, as the premature initiation from the spontaneous fission of Pu-240 would ensure a low explosive yield in such a device, with the surmounting of both issues in the construction of the Improvised nuclear device being described as \"daunting\" hurdles for a Fat Man era implosion design and the possibility of terrorists achieving this fizzle yield being regarded as an \"overblown\" apprehension with the safeguards that are in place.While others disagree on theoretical grounds and state that dependable high, non-fizzle level yields, can be achieved, arguing that it would be \"relatively easy\" for a well funded entity with access to fusion boosting tritium and expertise to overcome the problem of predetonation created by Pu-240, and that a remote manipulation facility could be utilized in the assembly of the highly radioactive gamma ray emitting bomb components, coupled with a means of cooling the weapon pit during storage to prevent the plutonium charge contained in the pit from melting, and a design that kept the implosion mechanisms high explosives from being degraded by the pits heat. However with all these major design considerations included, this fusion boosted reactor grade plutonium primary will still fizzle if the fission component of the primary does not deliver more than 0.2 kilotons of yield, which is regarded as the minimum energy necessary to start a fusion burn. The probability that such a device would fail to achieve this threshold yield increases as the burnup value of the fuel increases.No information, available in the public domain, suggests that any well funded entity has ever achieved, or seriously pursued creating, a nuclear weapon with the same isotopic composition of modern, high burn up, reactor grade plutonium. All nuclear weapon states have taken the more conventional path to nuclear weapons by either uranium enrichment or producing low burn up, \"fuel-grade\" and weapons-grade plutonium, in reactors capable of operating as production reactors. While the isotopic content of reactor-grade plutonium, created by the most common commercial power reactor design, the pressurized water reactor, never directly being considered for weapons use.As of April 2012, there were thirty-one countries that have civil nuclear power plants, of which nine have nuclear weapons, and almost every nuclear weapons state began producing weapons first instead of commercial nuclear power plants. Moreover, the re-purposing of civilian nuclear industries for military purposes would be a breach of the Non-proliferation treaty.".
- Reactor-grade_plutonium thumbnail Sasahara.svg?width=300.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageExternalLink plute.html.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageExternalLink ?id=cjhGcg_98kQC&pg=PA144.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageExternalLink why-you-cant-build-a-bomb-from-spent-fuel.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageExternalLink pc29.html.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageExternalLink S80-01_NucWeaponsAndPluto.pdf.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageExternalLink O_9705.htm.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageExternalLink 980826-pu.htm.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageID "11563568".
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageLength "23286".
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageOutDegree "157".
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageRevisionID "701182641".
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink 1958_US–UK_Mutual_Defence_Agreement.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink 2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink AP1000.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Al-Qaeda.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Amory_Lovins.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Aum_Shinrikyo.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Boiling_water_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Boosted_fission_weapon.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Breeder_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Burnup.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Capacity_factor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_nuclear_weapons_testing.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nuclear_materials.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nuclear_weapons.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plutonium.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Committee_on_International_Security_and_Arms_Control.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Council_on_Foreign_Relations.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Decay_heat.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink EPR_(nuclear_reactor).
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Enriched_uranium.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Explosive_material.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Fast-neutron_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Fat_Man.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Federation_of_American_Scientists.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Fertile_material.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Fissile_material.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Fizzle_(nuclear_test).
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Gamma_ray.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Gas-cooled_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Generation_III_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Generation_II_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Generation_IV_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Half-life.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Improvised_nuclear_device.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Isotopes_of_plutonium.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Jimmy_Carter.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Light-water_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink MOX_fuel.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Magnox.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nature_(journal).
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Neutron_capture.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Neutron_cross_section.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Neutron_temperature.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nevada_Test_Site.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_fuel.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_power.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_power_by_country.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_power_plant.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_proliferation.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_reprocessing.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_terrorism.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_transmutation.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_weapon.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_weapon_design.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_weapons_testing.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Operation_Nougat.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Operation_Storax.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Operation_Totem.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Plutonium.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Plutonium-238.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Plutonium-239.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Plutonium-240.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Plutonium-241.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Plutonium-242.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Pressurized_water_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink RAND_Corporation.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Reactor_pressure_vessel.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Remote_manipulator.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Sarin.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Sellafield.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Shutdown_(nuclear_reactor).
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Spent_nuclear_fuel.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Spontaneous_fission.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink TNT_equivalent.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Thermal-neutron_reactor.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Thermal_power_station.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Tonne.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Transuranium_element.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Trinity_(nuclear_test).
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Tritium.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink United_Kingdom.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink United_Kingdom_Atomic_Energy_Authority.
- Reactor-grade_plutonium wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Department_of_Energy.