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- Promethium abstract "Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements. Promethium shows only one stable oxidation state of +3; however, a few +2 compounds may exist.In 1902, Bohuslav Brauner suggested there was an element with properties intermediate between those of the known elements neodymium (60) and samarium (62); this was confirmed in 1914 by Henry Moseley who, having measured the atomic numbers of all the elements then known, found there was no element with atomic number 61. In 1926, an Italian and an American group claimed to have isolated a sample of element 61; both \"discoveries\" were soon proven to be false. In 1938, during a nuclear experiment conducted at Ohio State University, a few radioactive nuclides were produced that certainly were not radioisotopes of neodymium or samarium, but there was a lack of chemical proof that element 61 was produced, and the discovery was not generally recognized. Promethium was first produced and characterized at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1945 by the separation and analysis of the fission products of uranium fuel irradiated in a graphite reactor. The discoverers proposed the name \"prometheum\" (the spelling was subsequently changed), derived from Prometheus, the Titan in Greek mythology who stole fire from Mount Olympus and brought it down to humans, to symbolize \"both the daring and the possible misuse of mankind's intellect.\" However, a sample of the metal was made only in 1963.There are two possible sources for natural promethium: rare decays of natural europium-151 (producing promethium-147), and uranium (various isotopes). Practical applications exist only for chemical compounds of promethium-147, which are used in luminous paint, atomic batteries and thickness measurement devices, even though promethium-145 is the most stable promethium isotope. Because natural promethium is exceedingly scarce, it is typically synthesized by bombarding uranium-235 (enriched uranium) with thermal neutrons to produce promethium-147.".
- Promethium thumbnail 61_Pm_02_large.jpg?width=300.
- Promethium wikiPageExternalLink ele061.html.
- Promethium wikiPageID "23321".
- Promethium wikiPageLength "35338".
- Promethium wikiPageOutDegree "109".
- Promethium wikiPageRevisionID "699361401".
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_decay.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Alpha_particle.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Ammonia.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Andromeda_(constellation).
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_battery.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_number.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Beta_decay.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Bohuslav_Brauner.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Bone_tissue.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Brazil.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chemical_elements.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Lanthanides.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Promethium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Category:Synthetic_elements.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Charles_D._Coryell.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_element.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Close-packing_of_equal_spheres.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Crust_(geology).
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Cubic_crystal_system.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Didymium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Electron_capture.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Electron_configuration.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Enriched_uranium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Europium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Exponential_decay.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Fast_fission.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink File:Pm,61.jpg.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Florence.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink GY_Andromedae.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Gamma_ray.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Greek_mythology.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Moseley.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Hexagonal_crystal_system.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink High_Flux_Isotope_Reactor.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Isotope.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Isotopes_of_promethium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Isotopes_of_technetium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Jacob_A._Marinsky.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Josef_Mattauch.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Laboratori_Nazionali_del_Gran_Sasso.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Lanthanide.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Lanthanide_contraction.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Lawrence_E._Glendenin.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Luminous_paint.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Magic_number_(physics).
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Mass_excess.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Mass_number.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Mattauch_isobar_rule.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Melting_point.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Monazite.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Monoclinic_crystal_system.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Nauka_(publisher).
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Neodymium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Neutron.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Neutron_temperature.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_isomer.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_safety_and_security.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Ohio_State_University.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Pearson_symbol.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Periodic_table.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Phosphor.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Plutonium-238.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Positron_emission.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Praseodymium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Prometheus.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Promethium(III)_oxide.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Przybylskis_Star.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Radioactive_decay.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Radium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Rare_earth_element.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Salt_(chemistry).
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Samarium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Semi-empirical_mass_formula.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Space_group.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Spontaneous_fission.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Tantalum.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Technetium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Tritium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana–Champaign.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Uraninite.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Uranium.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Uranium-238.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Uranium_carbide.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Willard_Libby.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink X-10_Graphite_Reactor.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink X-ray.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink Xenon.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLink File:Pitchblende_schlema-alberoda.JPG.
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLinkText "61".
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pm".
- Promethium wikiPageWikiLinkText "Promethium".