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- Portable_Distributed_Objects abstract "Portable Distributed Objects (PDO) is an application programming interface (API) for creating object-oriented code that can be executed remotely on a network of computers. It was created by NeXT Computer, Inc. using their OpenStep system, whose use of Objective-C made the package very easy to write. It was characterized by its very light weight and high speed in comparison to similar systems such as CORBA.Versions of PDO were available for Solaris, HP-UX and all versions of the OPENSTEP system. A version that worked with Microsoft OLE was also available called D'OLE, allowing distributed code written using PDO on any platform to be presented on Microsoft systems as if they were local OLE objects.PDO was one of a number of distributed object systems created in the early 1990s, a design model where \"front end\" applications on GUI-based microcomputers would call code running on mainframe and minicomputers for their processing and data storage. Microsoft was evolving OLE into the Component Object Model (COM) and a similar distributed version called DCOM, IBM had their System Object Model (SOM/DSOM), Sun Microsystems was promoting their Distributed Objects Everywhere, and there were a host of smaller players as well. With the exception of the limited functionality in COM, most of these systems were extremely heavyweight, tended to be very large and slow, and often were very difficult to use.PDO, on the other hand, relied on a small number of features in the Objective-C runtime to handle both portability as well as distribution. The key feature was the language's support for a \"second chance\" method in all classes; if a method call on an object failed because the object didn't support it (normally not allowed in most languages due to strong typing), the runtime would then bundle the message into a compact format and pass it back into the object's forwardInvocation method.The normal behavior for forwardInvocation was to return an error, including details taken from the message (the \"invocation\"). PDO instead supplied a number of new objects with forwardInvocation methods that passed the invocation object to another machine on the network, with various versions to support different networks and platforms. Calling methods on remote objects was almost invisible; after some network setup (a few lines typically) PDO objects were instantiated locally and called the same way as any other object on the system. The PDO object then forwarded the invocation to the remote computer for processing and unbundled the results when they were returned.In comparison with CORBA, PDO programs were typically 1/10 or less in size; it was common for NeXT staffers to write into magazines showing how to re-implement a multi-page CORBA article in perhaps 15 lines of code. From a programming standpoint, there was nearly nothing as easy to use as PDO.However, PDO was also reliant entirely on Objective-C to function. This was a price most were unwilling to pay, as at the time C++ was more widely used and the effort to shift codebases to an entirely new language and paradigm was considered too onerous. PDO never saw much use, and NeXT's emphasis shifted to its new WebObjects framework in 1995.PDO continues to be used by Mac OS X programmers as a method for interprocess and interapplication communication, and for communication between networked applications that only need compatibility with other Mac OS X applications.In addition to the OS X platform, there is GNUstep, which has its own implementation of Distributed Objects.".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageExternalLink TalkToMe.html.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageID "61001".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageLength "5380".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageOutDegree "31".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageRevisionID "629229692".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Apple_Inc..
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Application_programming_interface.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink C++.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Category:OS_X_APIs.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Category:Parallel_computing.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Cocoa_(API).
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Component_Object_Model.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Computer_network.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Distributed_Objects_Everywhere.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Distributed_object.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink GNUstep.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Graphical_user_interface.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink HP-UX.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink IBM.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink IBM_System_Object_Model.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Mainframe_computer.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Microsoft.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Minicomputer.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink NeXT.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink OS_X.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Object-oriented_programming.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Object_Linking_and_Embedding.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Objective-C.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink OpenStep.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Runtime_system.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Solaris_(operating_system).
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Strong_and_weak_typing.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink Sun_Microsystems.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLink WebObjects.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLinkText "Portable Distributed Objects".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageWikiLinkText "distributed objects".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clarify.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Dead_link.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects subject Category:OS_X_APIs.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects subject Category:Parallel_computing.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects hypernym Interface.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects type Software.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects comment "Portable Distributed Objects (PDO) is an application programming interface (API) for creating object-oriented code that can be executed remotely on a network of computers. It was created by NeXT Computer, Inc. using their OpenStep system, whose use of Objective-C made the package very easy to write. It was characterized by its very light weight and high speed in comparison to similar systems such as CORBA.Versions of PDO were available for Solaris, HP-UX and all versions of the OPENSTEP system.".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects label "Portable Distributed Objects".
- Portable_Distributed_Objects sameAs Q7231342.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects sameAs m.0gkbb.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects sameAs Q7231342.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects wasDerivedFrom Portable_Distributed_Objects?oldid=629229692.
- Portable_Distributed_Objects isPrimaryTopicOf Portable_Distributed_Objects.