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- Plant_breeders_rights abstract "Plant breeders' rights (PBR), also known as plant variety rights (PVR), are rights granted to the breeder of a new variety of plant that give the breeder exclusive control over the propagating material (including seed, cuttings, divisions, tissue culture) and harvested material (cut flowers, fruit, foliage) of a new variety for a number of years.With these rights, the breeder can choose to become the exclusive marketer of the variety, or to license the variety to others. In order to qualify for these exclusive rights, a variety must be new, distinct, uniform and stable. A variety is new if it has not been commercialized for more than one year in the country of protection. A variety is distinct if it differs from all other known varieties by one or more important botanical characteristics, such as height, maturity, color, etc. A variety is uniform if the plant characteristics are consistent from plant to plant within the variety. A variety is stable if the plant characteristics are genetically fixed and therefore remain the same from generation to generation, or after a cycle of reproduction in the case of hybrid varieties. The breeder must also give the variety an acceptable \"denomination\", which becomes its generic name and must be used by anyone who markets the variety.Typically, plant variety rights are granted by national offices, after examination. Seed is submitted to the plant variety office, who grow it for one or more seasons, to check that it is distinct, stable, and uniform. If these tests are passed, exclusive rights are granted for a specified period (typically 20/25 years (or 25/30 years, for trees and vines). Annual renewal fees are required to maintain the rights. Breeders can bring suit to enforce their rights and can recover damages for infringement. Plant breeders' rights contain exemptions from infringement that are not recognized under patent law. Commonly, there is an exemption for farm-saved seed. Farmers may store the production in their own bins for their own use as seed, but this does not necessarily extend to brown-bag sales of seed. Further sales for propagation purposes are not allowed without the written approval of the breeder. There is also a breeders' exemption (research exemption in the 1991 Act) that allows breeders to use protected varieties as sources of initial variation to create new varieties of plants (1978 Act), or for other experimental purposes (1991 Act). There is also a provision for compulsory licensing to assure public access to protected varieties if the national interest requires it and the breeder is unable to meet the demand.There is tension over the relationship between patent rights and plant breeder's rights. There has been litigation in Australia, the United States, and Canada over the overlap between such rights. Each of these cases was decided on the principle that patents and plant breeders' rights were overlapping and not mutually exclusive. Thus, the exemptions from infringement of plant breeders' rights, such as the saved seed exemption, do not create corresponding exemptions from infringement of the patents covering the same plants. Likewise, acts that infringe the plant breeders' rights, such as exportation of the variety, would not necessarily infringe a patent on the variety, which only allows the patent owner to prohibit making, using or selling the patented invention.".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageExternalLink RL31568.pdf.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageExternalLink www.ciopora.org.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageExternalLink 2_3_Hughes_Deibel.pdf.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageExternalLink plant-breeders-rights.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageID "1104639".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageLength "11335".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageOutDegree "24".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageRevisionID "697659100".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Category:Biological_patent_law.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plant_breeding.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plant_reproduction.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Community_Plant_Variety_Office.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Compulsory_license.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Exclusive_right.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Geneva.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink International_Union_for_the_Protection_of_New_Varieties_of_Plants.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Patent.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Plant_Breeders_Rights_Act.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Plant_Patent_Act_of_1930.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Plant_Varieties_and_Seeds_Act_1964.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Plant_Variety_Protection_Act_of_1970.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Plant_breeding.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Plant_propagation.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Plant_variety_(law).
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Protection_of_Plant_Varieties_and_Farmers_Rights_Act,_2001.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Self-executing_right.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink TRIPS_Agreement.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink Western_Europe.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLink World_Trade_Organization.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "PBR".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "Plant Breeders' Right's".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "Plant Breeders' Rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "Plant Patents".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "Plant breeders' rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "breeders' rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "certain living organisms".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "new plant varieties".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "plant breeders rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "plant breeders' rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "plant breeders’ rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "plant patents".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "plant variety rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageWikiLinkText "rights of farmers and plant breeders".
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Intellectual_property.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Plant_breeders_rights wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Plant_breeders_rights subject Category:Biological_patent_law.
- Plant_breeders_rights subject Category:Plant_breeding.
- Plant_breeders_rights subject Category:Plant_reproduction.
- Plant_breeders_rights hypernym Rights.
- Plant_breeders_rights type Person.
- Plant_breeders_rights type Redirect.
- Plant_breeders_rights comment "Plant breeders' rights (PBR), also known as plant variety rights (PVR), are rights granted to the breeder of a new variety of plant that give the breeder exclusive control over the propagating material (including seed, cuttings, divisions, tissue culture) and harvested material (cut flowers, fruit, foliage) of a new variety for a number of years.With these rights, the breeder can choose to become the exclusive marketer of the variety, or to license the variety to others.".
- Plant_breeders_rights label "Plant breeders' rights".
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Q695112.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Sortenschutz.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Certificat_dobtention_vxc3xa9gxc3xa9tale.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs זכויות_מטפחים.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Perlindungan_Varietas_Tanaman.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Yrkisréttur.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs 育成者権.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Kwekersrecht.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs m.046bvf.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Växtförädlarrätt.
- Plant_breeders_rights sameAs Q695112.
- Plant_breeders_rights wasDerivedFrom Plant_breeders_rights?oldid=697659100.
- Plant_breeders_rights isPrimaryTopicOf Plant_breeders_rights.