Matches in DBpedia 2016-04 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Phthalate> ?p ?o }
- Phthalate abstract "Phthalates (pronounced /ˈθæˌleɪts/ or in British English /ˈ(f)θaleɪts/), or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity). Phthalates are manufactured by reacting phthalic anhydride with alcohol(s) that range from methanol and ethanol (C1/C2) up to tridecyl alcohol (C13), either as a straight chain or with some branching. They are divided into two distinct groups, with very different applications, toxicological properties, and classification, based on the number of carbon atoms in their alcohol chain. They are used primarily to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Lower-molecular-weight phthalates (3-6 carbon atoms in their backbone) are being gradually replaced in many products in the United States, Canada, and European Union over health concerns. They are replaced by high-molecular-weight phthalates (those with more than 6 carbons in their backbone, which gives them increased permanency and durability). In 2010, the market was still dominated by high-phthalate plasticizers; however, due to legal provisions and growing environmental awareness and perceptions, producers are increasingly forced to use non-phthalate plasticizers.Phthalates are used in a wide range of common products, and are released into the environment. There is no covalent bond between the phthalates and plastics; rather, they are entangled within the plastic as a result of the manufacturing process used to make PVC articles. They can be removed by exposure to heat or with organic solvents. However, people are exposed to phthalates, and most Americans tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have metabolites of multiple phthalates in their urine. Phthalate exposure may be through direct use or by indirect means through leaching and general environmental contamination. Diet is believed to be the main source of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and other phthalates in the general population. Fatty foods such as milk, butter, and meats are a major source. In studies of rodents exposed to certain phthalates, high doses have been shown to change hormone levels and cause birth defects.".
- Phthalate thumbnail Phthalates.svg?width=300.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink PHS.aspid=376&tid=65.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink Phthalates_FactSheet.html.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink chemical_group_12.html.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink dibutylphthalatesum003.pdf.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink didpsum041.pdf.
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- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17090632.
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- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink peg2.html.
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- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink story.cfm?id=1405.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink chemical_group_12.html.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink Phthalates_FactSheet.html.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink article.ns?id=dn7440.
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- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink www.phthalates.com.
- Phthalate wikiPageExternalLink www.phthalates.org.
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- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink 1,2-Cyclohexane_dicarboxylic_acid_diisononyl_ester.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Agricultural_spray_adjuvant.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Alcohol.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Alkyl.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink American_Chemistry_Council.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Anaerobic_digestion.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Anogenital_distance.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Antiandrogen.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Aryl.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Benzyl_butyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Biodegradation.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Biomonitoring.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Bis(2-ethylhexyl)_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Bottled_water.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink CAS_Registry_Number.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Camphor.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Canada.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Carboxylic_acid.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Carcinogen.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Castor_oil.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Category:Phthalates.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plasticizers.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Category:Suspected_fetotoxicants.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Category:Suspected_teratogens.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Category:Suspected_testicular_toxicants.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Caulking.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Chromatography.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Citric_acid.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink City.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Consumer_Product_Safety_Improvement_Act.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Cosmetics.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Covalent_bond.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Cross-sectional_study.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Cryptorchidism.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink DPHP.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Diabetes_mellitus_type_2.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Dibutyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Didanosine.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Diet_(nutrition).
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Diethyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Diisobutyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Diisodecyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Diisoheptyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Diisononyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Dimethyl_phthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Dioctyl_terephthalate.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Dispersant.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink DnOP.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Editorial.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Emulsion.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Endocrine_disruptor.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Enteric_coating.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Environmental_Health_Perspectives.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Environmental_Science_&_Technology.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Eraser.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Ester.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink European_Chemicals_Agency.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink European_Chemicals_Bureau.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink European_Council_for_Plasticisers_and_Intermediates.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink European_Economic_Community.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink European_Union.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Food_and_Chemical_Toxicology.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Fresh_Air.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Gas_chromatography.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink George_W._Bush.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Glass_transition.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Greenpeace.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink Insulin.
- Phthalate wikiPageWikiLink International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer.